✦ ✦ ✦
Chapter 1.1
Sanskrit Text
तपःस्वाध्यायनिरतं
तपस्वी
वाग्विदां
वरम्
।
नारदं
परिपप्रच्छ
वाल्मीकिर्मुनिपुंगवम्
॥
Anvaya:
तपस्वी ascetic, वाल्मीकि: Valmiki, तप: स्वाध्यायनिरतम् highly delighted in the practice of religious austerities and study of vedas, वाग्विदां वरम् eloquent among the knowledgeable, मुनिपुङ्गवम् preeminent among sages, नारदम् Narada, परिपप्रच्छ enquired.
तपस्वी ascetic, वाल्मीकि: Valmiki, तप: स्वाध्यायनिरतम् highly delighted in the practice of religious austerities and study of vedas, वाग्विदां वरम् eloquent among the knowledgeable, मुनिपुङ्गवम् preeminent among sages, नारदम् Narada, परिपप्रच्छ enquired.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
The ascetic Vālmīki asked Nārada, the best of sages and foremost of those conversant with words, ever engaged in austerities and Vedic studies.
Ascetic Valmiki enquired of Narada, preeminent among the sages ever engaged in the practice of religious austerities or study of the Vedas and best among the eloquent.
Sanskrit Text
को
न्वस्मिन्साम्प्रतं
लोके
गुणवान्कश्च
वीर्यवान्
।
धर्मज्ञश्च
कृतज्ञश्च
सत्यवाक्यो
दृढव्रतः
॥
Anvaya:
अस्मिन् लोके in this world, साम्प्रतम् now, गुणवान् endowed with excellent qualities, क: नु who indeed, वीर्यवांश्च with prowess, धर्मज्ञ: च knower of righteousness, कृतज्ञ: च grateful (who remembers even little help done by others), सत्यवाक्य: truthful in his statements, दृढव्रत: firm in his vows (till such time he achieves the results), क: who?
अस्मिन् लोके in this world, साम्प्रतम् now, गुणवान् endowed with excellent qualities, क: नु who indeed, वीर्यवांश्च with prowess, धर्मज्ञ: च knower of righteousness, कृतज्ञ: च grateful (who remembers even little help done by others), सत्यवाक्य: truthful in his statements, दृढव्रत: firm in his vows (till such time he achieves the results), क: who?
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Who at present in this world is like crowned with qualities, and with prowess, knowing duty, and grateful, and truthful, and firm in vow.
"Who in this world lives today endowed with excellent qualities, prowess, righteousness, gratitude, truthfulness and firmness in his vows?
Sanskrit Text
चारित्रेण
च
को
युक्तः
सर्वभूतेषु
को
हितः
।
विद्वान्कः
कः
समर्थश्च
कश्चैकप्रियदर्शनः
॥
Anvaya:
क: who?, चारित्रेण with good conduct, युक्त: is endowed, क: who?, सर्वभूतेषु for all living beings, हित: benefactor, क: who?, विद्वान् learned man (knower of everything which is to be known), क: who?, समर्थ: च competent (capable of doing things which cannot be done by others), क: who? एकप्रियदर्शन: च solely delightful in appearance to everyone,
क: who?, चारित्रेण with good conduct, युक्त: is endowed, क: who?, सर्वभूतेषु for all living beings, हित: benefactor, क: who?, विद्वान् learned man (knower of everything which is to be known), क: who?, समर्थ: च competent (capable of doing things which cannot be done by others), क: who? एकप्रियदर्शन: च solely delightful in appearance to everyone,
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Who is qualified by virtue of his character, and who is engaged in the welfare of all creatures? Who is learned and capable. Who alone is ever lovely to behold?
Who is that one gifted with good conduct, given to the wellbeing of all living creatures, learned in the lore (knowledge of all things that is known), capable of doing things which others can not do and singularly handsome?
Sanskrit Text
आत्मवान्को
जितक्रोधो
द्युतिमान्कोऽनसूयकः
।
कस्य
बिभ्यति
देवाश्च
जातरोषस्य
संयुगे
॥
Anvaya:
आत्मवान् selfrestrained, क: who?, जितक्रोध: one who has conquered anger, द्युतिमान् one who is endowed with splendour, अनसूयक: one who is free from envy (envy depicting one's merits as weak points), क: who?, जातरोषस्य excited to wrath, कस्य to whom, संयुगे in the battle, देवा: च celestial beings, devatas, बिभ्यति are afraid of.
आत्मवान् selfrestrained, क: who?, जितक्रोध: one who has conquered anger, द्युतिमान् one who is endowed with splendour, अनसूयक: one who is free from envy (envy depicting one's merits as weak points), क: who?, जातरोषस्य excited to wrath, कस्य to whom, संयुगे in the battle, देवा: च celestial beings, devatas, बिभ्यति are afraid of.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Who has subdued his heart, and controlled his anger, is endowed with splendour, and devoid of malice; and whom enraged in battle, do even the gods, fear?
Who (among men) is selfrestrained? Who has conquered anger? Who is endowed with brilliance and free from envy? Who is that when exited to wrath even the devatas, are afraid of (let alone foes)?
Sanskrit Text
एतदिच्छाम्यहं
श्रोतुं
परं
कौतूहलं
हि
मे
।
महर्षे
त्वं
समर्थोऽसि
ज्ञातुमेवंविधं
नरम्
॥
Anvaya:
एतत् this, अहम् I, श्रोतुम् to listen, इच्छामि am desirous, मे my, कौतूहलम् curiosity, परं हि is great, महर्षे O Maharshi, त्वम् you, एवंविधम् of such (virtues), नरम् man, ज्ञातुम् to know, समर्थ: असि are competent.
एतत् this, अहम् I, श्रोतुम् to listen, इच्छामि am desirous, मे my, कौतूहलम् curiosity, परं हि is great, महर्षे O Maharshi, त्वम् you, एवंविधम् of such (virtues), नरम् man, ज्ञातुम् to know, समर्थ: असि are competent.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
I have great curiosity to hear of such a person. You can, O Maharşi,* know about a man of this description. *A great saint. The word, however, signifies one belonging to a particular order of saints.
O Maharshi, I intend to hear about such a man whom you are able to place? Indeed great is my curiosity".
Sanskrit Text
श्रुत्वा
चैतत्त्रिलोकज्ञो
वाल्मीकेर्नारदो
वचः
।
श्रूयतामिति
चामन्त्र्य
प्रहृष्टो
वाक्यमब्रवीत्
॥
Anvaya:
त्रिलोकज्ञ: knower of the three worlds, नारद: Narada, वाल्मीके: Valmiki's, एतत् वच: these words, श्रुत्वा च having heard, श्रूयताम् इति "Listen to me", चामन्त्त्र्य च having invited, प्रहृष्ट: was delighted, वाक्यम् words, अब्रवीत् spoke.
त्रिलोकज्ञ: knower of the three worlds, नारद: Narada, वाल्मीके: Valmiki's, एतत् वच: these words, श्रुत्वा च having heard, श्रूयताम् इति "Listen to me", चामन्त्त्र्य च having invited, प्रहृष्ट: was delighted, वाक्यम् words, अब्रवीत् spoke.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Hearing Vālmīki's words, Nărada, cognizant of the three worlds, said with alacrity, “listen to me”!
Invited by Valmiki to take his seat Narada, knower of the three worlds heard him and said with delight "listen to me". And thus spoke.
Sanskrit Text
बहवो
दुर्लभाश्चैव
ये
त्वया
कीर्तिता
गुणाः
।
मुने
वक्ष्याम्यहं
बुद्ध्वा
तैर्युक्तः
श्रूयतां
नरः
॥
Anvaya:
मुने OSage Valmiki, बहव: many, दुर्लभा: च एव rare indeed are the ordinary people endowed with such qualities, ये गुणा: those qualities, त्वया by you, कीर्तिता: described, तै: with those qualities, युक्त: endowed with, नर: man, श्रूयताम् listen, अहम् I, बुद्ध्वा having ascertained, वक्ष्यामि shall tell you.
मुने OSage Valmiki, बहव: many, दुर्लभा: च एव rare indeed are the ordinary people endowed with such qualities, ये गुणा: those qualities, त्वया by you, कीर्तिता: described, तै: with those qualities, युक्त: endowed with, नर: man, श्रूयताम् listen, अहम् I, बुद्ध्वा having ascertained, वक्ष्यामि shall tell you.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Rare as are the qualities mentioned by you, I will, O sage, having duly considered, describe to you a person endued with them.
"O sage rare indeed are men endowed with the many qualities you have described. I ascertained one. Listen carefully.
Sanskrit Text
इक्ष्वाकुवंशप्रभवो
रामो
नाम
जनैः
श्रुतः
।
नियतात्मा
महावीर्यो
द्युतिमान्धृतिमान्वशी
॥
Anvaya:
इक्ष्वाकुवंशप्रभव: born in the race of king Ikshvaku, राम: नाम known as Rama (one who delights others), जनै: by people, श्रुत: is heard, नियतात्मा steady natured (meaning thereby immutable form), महावीर्य: incomprehensible prowess, द्युतिमान् selfeffulgent, धृतिमान् selfcommanding, वशी subjecting the senses (subjecting the entire world under his control).
इक्ष्वाकुवंशप्रभव: born in the race of king Ikshvaku, राम: नाम known as Rama (one who delights others), जनै: by people, श्रुत: is heard, नियतात्मा steady natured (meaning thereby immutable form), महावीर्य: incomprehensible prowess, द्युतिमान् selfeffulgent, धृतिमान् selfcommanding, वशी subjecting the senses (subjecting the entire world under his control).
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
There is one sprung from the line of Ikşvāku, known by the name of Rāma. He is of subdued soul; and is exceedingly powerful; effulgent; endowed with patience; having senses under control.
People have heard his name as Rama, who was born in the race of king Ikshvaku, having steady nature, possessing incomprehensible prowess, selfeffulgent, selfcommanding and subjecting senses under his control.
Sanskrit Text
बुद्धिमान्नीतिमान्वाग्मी
श्रीमाञ्शत्रुनिबर्हणः
।
विपुलांसो
महाबाहुः
कम्बुग्रीवो
महाहनुः
॥
Anvaya:
बुद्धिमान् great intellectual, नीतिमान् learned in ethical (statecraft) philosophy, वाग्मी proficient in speeches, श्रीमान् possessing vast auspiciousness, शत्रुनिबर्हण: destroyer of foes (sins), विपुलांस: broad shouldered, महाबाहु: strongarmed, कम्बुग्रीव: possessing conchshaped neck, महाहनु: having prominent and strong cheeks.
बुद्धिमान् great intellectual, नीतिमान् learned in ethical (statecraft) philosophy, वाग्मी proficient in speeches, श्रीमान् possessing vast auspiciousness, शत्रुनिबर्हण: destroyer of foes (sins), विपुलांस: broad shouldered, महाबाहु: strongarmed, कम्बुग्रीव: possessing conchshaped neck, महाहनु: having prominent and strong cheeks.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
He is intelligent; learned in morality; eloquent; crowned with grace; the slayer of foes: broad-shouldered; possessed of mighty arms, a conch-shaped neck, fleshy jaws.
He (Sri Rama) is a great intellectual, adherent to rules, eloquent, handsome, destroyer of foes (sins), broadshouldered, strongarmed, having conchshaped neck and prominent cheeks.
Sanskrit Text
महोरस्को
महेष्वासो
गूढजत्रुररिंदमः
।
आजानुबाहुः
सुशिराः
सुललाटः
सुविक्रमः
॥
Anvaya:
महोरस्क: having a broad chest, महेष्वासः armed with a great bow (meaning thereby having a body strong enough to carry a bow), गूढजत्रुः has fleshy collar bones, अरिन्दमः is destroyer of foes (sins), आजानुबाहु: knee-long arms, सुशिराः head with noble qualities, सुललाटः has a large and beautiful forehead, सुविक्रमः valiant
महोरस्क: having a broad chest, महेष्वासः armed with a great bow (meaning thereby having a body strong enough to carry a bow), गूढजत्रुः has fleshy collar bones, अरिन्दमः is destroyer of foes (sins), आजानुबाहु: knee-long arms, सुशिराः head with noble qualities, सुललाटः has a large and beautiful forehead, सुविक्रमः valiant
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And a broad chest; a powerful bowman; the repressor of foes; having plump shoulder-blades; of arms reaching down to his knees; with a beautiful head, and a graceful forehead; and endowed with excellent might.
Possessing a broad chest, armed with a great bow, with fleshy collar bones, kneelong arms, a noble head, a graceful forehead and great prowess, he is the destroyer of foes (sins).
Sanskrit Text
समः
समविभक्ताङ्गः
स्निग्धवर्णः
प्रतापवान्
।
पीनवक्षा
विशालाक्षो
लक्ष्मीवाञ्शुभलक्षणः
॥
Anvaya:
समः neither too tall nor too short, समविभक्ताङ्ग: has wellproportioned limbs, स्निग्धवर्णः has shining complexion, प्रतापवान् is mighty and powerful, पीनवक्षा: strong welldeveloped chest, विशालाक्षः has expansive eyes, लक्ष्मीवान् lustrous body, शुभलक्षणः has auspicious qualities (according to science of palmistry).
समः neither too tall nor too short, समविभक्ताङ्ग: has wellproportioned limbs, स्निग्धवर्णः has shining complexion, प्रतापवान् is mighty and powerful, पीनवक्षा: strong welldeveloped chest, विशालाक्षः has expansive eyes, लक्ष्मीवान् lustrous body, शुभलक्षणः has auspicious qualities (according to science of palmistry).
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And having symmetrical limbs, and of a cool hue; and possessed of prowess; and having a well-developed chest; with expansive eyes; crowned with auspiciousness and favourable marks.
Mighty and powerful, he has a wellproportioned body, neither tall nor short, shining complexion, welldeveloped chest, large eyes, lustrous body and good qualities.
Sanskrit Text
धर्मज्ञः
सत्यसंधश्च
प्रजानां
च
हिते
रतः
।
यशस्वी
ज्ञानसंपन्नः
शुचिर्वश्यः
समाधिमान्
॥
Anvaya:
धर्मज्ञ: knower of duties (of protecting those who take refuge in him) of life, सत्यसन्ध: firm in his vows, प्रजानाम् for his subjects, हिते doing good, रतः intent on, यशस्वी renowned, ज्ञानसम्पन्नः omniscient, शुचिः pure and devout, वश्यः obedient to elders (or accessible to those who are dependent on him), समाधिमान् meditating on the means of protecting those who took refuge in him.
धर्मज्ञ: knower of duties (of protecting those who take refuge in him) of life, सत्यसन्ध: firm in his vows, प्रजानाम् for his subjects, हिते doing good, रतः intent on, यशस्वी renowned, ज्ञानसम्पन्नः omniscient, शुचिः pure and devout, वश्यः obedient to elders (or accessible to those who are dependent on him), समाधिमान् meditating on the means of protecting those who took refuge in him.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Knowing duty; firm in promise; always engaged in the good of his subjects; of accomplished renown; furnished with knowledge; pure in body and spirit; obedient towards superiors; versed in self-knowledge.
Pious, firm in his vows, he is ever intent on doing good to his subjects. He is, illustrious, wise, and pure at heart. He is obedient to elders (or accessible to those who are dependent on him) and ever meditating (on the means of protecting those who take refuge in him).
Sanskrit Text
रक्षिता
जीवलोकस्य
धर्मस्य
परिरक्षिता
।
वेदवेदाङ्गतत्त्वज्ञो
धनुर्वेदे
च
निष्ठितः
॥
Anvaya:
स्वस्य of his own, धर्मस्य duties of a king, रक्षिता protector, स्वजनस्य च of his own subjects, रक्षिता protector, वेदवेदाङ्गतत्त्वज्ञ: knowledgeable in the true nature of vedas and vedangas, धनुर्वेदे च in military science, one of the upavedas (a great archer), निष्ठित: accomplished.
स्वस्य of his own, धर्मस्य duties of a king, रक्षिता protector, स्वजनस्य च of his own subjects, रक्षिता protector, वेदवेदाङ्गतत्त्वज्ञ: knowledgeable in the true nature of vedas and vedangas, धनुर्वेदे च in military science, one of the upavedas (a great archer), निष्ठित: accomplished.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Practising all the duties of his class; and preserving those cleaving to him; versed in the profundities of the Vedas and the Vedāngas; accomplished in archery.
He has performed the duties of a king and protected his subjects. knowledgeable in the true nature of the Vedas he is accomplished in military science (he is a great archer).
Sanskrit Text
सर्वशास्त्रार्थतत्त्वज्ञ
स्मृतिमान्प्रतिभानवान्
।
सर्वलोकप्रियः
साधुरदीनात्मा
विचक्षणः
॥
Anvaya:
सर्वशास्त्रार्थतत्त्वज्ञ: knower of the true meaning of all scriptures, स्मृतिमान् has infalliable retentive memory, प्रतिभानवान् is talented (possessing brightness of conception), सर्वलोकप्रियः is beloved of all people, साधु: welldisposed and courteous (even towards those who have done harm), अदीनात्मा unperturbed mind (even in times of extreme grief), विचक्षणः has dicrimination (is circumspect in doing right things in right time).
सर्वशास्त्रार्थतत्त्वज्ञ: knower of the true meaning of all scriptures, स्मृतिमान् has infalliable retentive memory, प्रतिभानवान् is talented (possessing brightness of conception), सर्वलोकप्रियः is beloved of all people, साधु: welldisposed and courteous (even towards those who have done harm), अदीनात्मा unperturbed mind (even in times of extreme grief), विचक्षणः has dicrimination (is circumspect in doing right things in right time).
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Well versed in the dicta of all the sciences; brilliant; gifted with a good memory; the darling of all; unreproved; of unvanquished spirit; proficient in every branch of learning.
Sri Rama knows the true meaning of all scriptures and has a retentive memory. He is talented (possessing brightness of conception). He is beloved and welldisposed towards all people (and courteous even towards those who have done him harm). He has an unperturbed mind (even in times of extreme grief) and is circumspect (in doing right things at the right time).
Sanskrit Text
सर्वदाभिगतः
सद्भिः
समुद्र
इव
सिन्धुभिः
।
आर्यः
सर्वसमश्चैव
सदैकप्रियदर्शनः
॥
Anvaya:
समुद्रः sea, सिन्धुभिः the rivers, इव like, सद्भिः good persons, सर्वदा ever, अभिगतः is approachable, आर्यः man of virtue, सर्वसमः च एव having equitable dispostition towards all, सदैकप्रियदर्शनः always has delightful countenance.
समुद्रः sea, सिन्धुभिः the rivers, इव like, सद्भिः good persons, सर्वदा ever, अभिगतः is approachable, आर्यः man of virtue, सर्वसमः च एव having equitable dispostition towards all, सदैकप्रियदर्शनः always has delightful countenance.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Ever resorted to by the good persons even as the ocean is by the rivers; worthy of being honoured; having an equal regard for all; and capable of filling the heart with ever new sensations.
Sri Rama, like sea to rivers, is accessible to men of virtue and has equal disposition towards all. He always has a pleasing appearance.
Sanskrit Text
स
च
सर्वगुणोपेतः
कौसल्यानन्दवर्धनः
।
समुद्र
इव
गाम्भीर्ये
धैर्येण
हिमवानिव
॥
Anvaya:
कौसल्यानन्दवर्धन: he, who is enhancing the joys of Kausalya, स: च he also, सर्वगुणोपेत: endowed with all virtues, गाम्भीर्ये in depth of his thoughts, समुद्र: इव like a sea, धैर्येण in fortitude, हिमवान् इव like Himavat mountain.
कौसल्यानन्दवर्धन: he, who is enhancing the joys of Kausalya, स: च he also, सर्वगुणोपेत: endowed with all virtues, गाम्भीर्ये in depth of his thoughts, समुद्र: इव like a sea, धैर्येण in fortitude, हिमवान् इव like Himavat mountain.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Crowned with all sort of qualities, he enhances the joys of Kausalyā; being like that of the sea in gravity, and that of the Himavat in patience.
Sri Rama, bestowed with all virtues, enhanced the joys of Kausalya, He is like the sea in deportment and like Himavant in fortitude.
Sanskrit Text
विष्णुना
सदृशो
वीर्ये
सोमवत्प्रियदर्शनः
।
कालाग्निसदृशः
क्रोधे
क्षमया
पृथिवीसमः
॥
Anvaya:
वीर्ये In prowess, विष्णुना सदृशः similar to Visnu, सोमवत् in appearance like the Moon, प्रियदर्शनः pleasing to the sight, क्रोधे in anger, कालाग्निसदृशः like the all-consuming fire, क्षमया in patience, पृथिवीसमः equal to earth, त्यागे in charity, धनदेन समः like Kubera, सत्ये in truth (here steadfastness), अपरः धर्मः इव like the Sun.
वीर्ये In prowess, विष्णुना सदृशः similar to Visnu, सोमवत् in appearance like the Moon, प्रियदर्शनः pleasing to the sight, क्रोधे in anger, कालाग्निसदृशः like the all-consuming fire, क्षमया in patience, पृथिवीसमः equal to earth, त्यागे in charity, धनदेन समः like Kubera, सत्ये in truth (here steadfastness), अपरः धर्मः इव like the Sun.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
In prowess, he is like as Vişnu, and boasts of the personal attractions of the Moon. In anger he resembles the fire raging at the time of dissolution; and in forgiveness, he is like that of the Earth.
Sri Rama is like Visnu in prowess, the Moon in pleasing appearance, the allconsuming fire in anger, the earth in patience, Kubera in chartiy and the Sun in steadfastness.
Sanskrit Text
धनदेन
समस्त्यागे
सत्ये
धर्म
इवापरः
।
तमेवंगुणसंपन्नं
रामं
सत्यपराक्रमम्
॥
Sanskrit Text
ज्येष्ठं
श्रेष्ठगुणैर्युक्तं
प्रियं
दशरथः
सुतम्
।
यौवराज्येन
संयोक्तुमैच्छत्प्रीत्या
महीपतिः
॥
Anvaya:
महीपति: दशरथ: lord of earth, Dasaratha, एवं गुणसम्पन्नम् him who was possessing all such good qualities, सत्यपराक्रमम् him who had not a vain prowess, श्रेष्ठगुणै: with excellent virtues, युक्तम् endowed with, प्रियम् beloved, प्रकृतीनाम् for his subjects, हितै: with good deeds, युक्तम् endowed with, ज्येष्ठम् eldest, सुतम् son, तं रामम् Sri Rama, प्रकृतिप्रियकाम्यया ever intent on the welfare of the people, प्रीत्या with affection, यौवराज्येन heirapparent, संयोक्तुम् to install, ऐच्छत् wished.
महीपति: दशरथ: lord of earth, Dasaratha, एवं गुणसम्पन्नम् him who was possessing all such good qualities, सत्यपराक्रमम् him who had not a vain prowess, श्रेष्ठगुणै: with excellent virtues, युक्तम् endowed with, प्रियम् beloved, प्रकृतीनाम् for his subjects, हितै: with good deeds, युक्तम् endowed with, ज्येष्ठम् eldest, सुतम् son, तं रामम् Sri Rama, प्रकृतिप्रियकाम्यया ever intent on the welfare of the people, प्रीत्या with affection, यौवराज्येन heirapparent, संयोक्तुम् to install, ऐच्छत् wished.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
With a desire to promote the welfare of the people king Dasaratha decided to install Sri Rama, his eldest and affectionate son as heir (apparent) who was bestowed with all excellent qualities and true prowess, beloved of the people he was ever intent in the welfare of the people.
Sanskrit Text
तस्याभिषेकसंभारान्दृष्ट्वा
भार्याथ
कैकयी
।
पूर्वं
दत्तवरा
देवी
वरमेनमयाचत
।
विवासनं
च
रामस्य
भरतस्याभिषेचनम्
॥
Anvaya:
अथ thereafter, तस्य Rama's, अभिषेकसम्भारान् preparations for the installation, दृष्ट्वा having seen, पूर्वम् previously, दत्तवरा was promised with boons, भार्या wife, देवी queen, कैकयी Kaikeyi, रामस्य Rama's, विवासनम् exile, भरतस्य of Bharata, अभिषेचनम् enthronement, वरम् boon, एनम् अयाचत begged of Dasaratha.
अथ thereafter, तस्य Rama's, अभिषेकसम्भारान् preparations for the installation, दृष्ट्वा having seen, पूर्वम् previously, दत्तवरा was promised with boons, भार्या wife, देवी queen, कैकयी Kaikeyi, रामस्य Rama's, विवासनम् exile, भरतस्य of Bharata, अभिषेचनम् enthronement, वरम् boon, एनम् अयाचत begged of Dasaratha.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Beholding the provisions of the installation, that lady the king's consort, Kaikeyī, who had previously been promised two boons, even asked him for those viz., the exile of Ráma, and the installation of Bharata.
Thereafter, having seen the preparations for installation of Rama, queen Kaikeyi who had been promised earlier with boons by Dasaratha demanded of him the exile of Rama and enthronement of Bharata.
Sanskrit Text
स
सत्यवचनाद्राजा
धर्मपाशेन
संयतः
।
विवासयामास
सुतं
रामं
दशरथः
प्रियम्
॥
Anvaya:
स: दशरथ: Dasaratha, सत्यवचनात् due to being truthful to his word, धर्मपाशेन by the bond of duty, संयत: restrained, प्रियं सुतम् beloved son, रामम् Rama, विवासयामास sent (to the forest).
स: दशरथ: Dasaratha, सत्यवचनात् due to being truthful to his word, धर्मपाशेन by the bond of duty, संयत: restrained, प्रियं सुतम् beloved son, रामम् Rama, विवासयामास sent (to the forest).
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Bound by the ties of duty in consequence of his promise, king Dasaratha banished his favourite son Rāma.
Dasaratha, true to his word and restrained by the bond of duty, sent his beloved son Rama to the forest.
Sanskrit Text
स
जगाम
वनं
वीरः
प्रतिज्ञामनुपालयन्
।
पितुर्वचननिर्देशात्कैकेय्याः
प्रियकारणात्
॥
Anvaya:
वीर: स: that mighty Sri Rama, कैकेय्या: Kaikeyi's, प्रियकारणात् with a view to gratify, पितु: father's, वचननिर्देशात् by the word of command, प्रतिज्ञाम् his promise, अनुपालयन् while obeying, वनम् forest, जगाम went.
वीर: स: that mighty Sri Rama, कैकेय्या: Kaikeyi's, प्रियकारणात् with a view to gratify, पितु: father's, वचननिर्देशात् by the word of command, प्रतिज्ञाम् his promise, अनुपालयन् while obeying, वनम् forest, जगाम went.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
In pursuance of his father's promise, and with the view of compassing the pleasure of Kaikeyī, that heroic one, commanded by his sire, repaired to the forest.
Mighty Sri Rama inorder to please Kaikeyi and obey the word of command of his father, went to the forest and help the king to keep his promise to Kaikeyi.
Sanskrit Text
तं
व्रजन्तं
प्रियो
भ्राता
लक्ष्मणोऽनुजगाम
ह
।
स्नेहाद्विनयसंपन्नः
सुमित्रानन्दवर्धनः
॥
Anvaya:
विनयसम्पन्न: endowed with modesty, भ्रातु: for brother Rama, दयित: beloved, प्रिय: भ्राता brother with natural affection, सुमित्रानन्दवर्धन: one who enhances the joy of Sumitra, लक्ष्मण: Lakshmana, सौभ्रात्रम् affectionate brotherhood, अनुदर्शयन् showing, व्रजन्तम् departing to the forest, तं भ्रातरम् his brother Rama, स्नेहात् out of affection, अनुजगाम ह followed.
विनयसम्पन्न: endowed with modesty, भ्रातु: for brother Rama, दयित: beloved, प्रिय: भ्राता brother with natural affection, सुमित्रानन्दवर्धन: one who enhances the joy of Sumitra, लक्ष्मण: Lakshmana, सौभ्रात्रम् affectionate brotherhood, अनुदर्शयन् showing, व्रजन्तम् departing to the forest, तं भ्रातरम् his brother Rama, स्नेहात् out of affection, अनुजगाम ह followed.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
On the eve of his departure for the forest, that enhancer of Sumitrā's joy and favourite of his brother (Rāma), his dear brother Lakşmaņa, endowed with humility, displaying brotherliness, followed him out of affection.
Lakshmana beloved brother to Rama is drawn towards him. Endowed with modesty he is an enhancer of the joy of his mother Sumitra. Displaying his fraternal love, he followed Rama who was departing to the forest.
Sanskrit Text
सर्वलक्षणसंपन्ना
नारीणामुत्तमा
वधूः
।
सीताप्यनुगता
रामं
शशिनं
रोहिणी
यथा
॥
Anvaya:
रामस्य for Rama, दयिता beloved, भार्या wife, प्राणसमा equal to his vital breath, नित्यम् always, हिता doing fit and proper acts beneficial to him, जनकस्य king Janaka's, कुले in the race, जाता born, निर्मिता created, देवमायेव like Maya Mohini, the assumed form of visnuhnu, सर्वलक्षणसम्पन्ना endowed with all auspicious characteristics, नारीणाम् among women, उत्तमा the foremost, वधू: daughterinlaw (of Dasaratha), सीतापि Sita also, रोहिणी Rohini, (one of the several daughters of Daksha and consort of moon) शशिनम् यथा like moon, रामम् Rama, अनुगता followed.
रामस्य for Rama, दयिता beloved, भार्या wife, प्राणसमा equal to his vital breath, नित्यम् always, हिता doing fit and proper acts beneficial to him, जनकस्य king Janaka's, कुले in the race, जाता born, निर्मिता created, देवमायेव like Maya Mohini, the assumed form of visnuhnu, सर्वलक्षणसम्पन्ना endowed with all auspicious characteristics, नारीणाम् among women, उत्तमा the foremost, वधू: daughterinlaw (of Dasaratha), सीतापि Sita also, रोहिणी Rohini, (one of the several daughters of Daksha and consort of moon) शशिनम् यथा like moon, रामम् Rama, अनुगता followed.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Born in the race of Janaka and daughterinlaw of Dasaratha, Sita, beloved spouse of Rama is like his vital breath always desired the wellbeing of Rama she followed him like Rohini, the Moon. Endowed with all virtues she is the foremost woman.
Sanskrit Text
पौरैरनुगतो
दूरं
पित्रा
दशरथेन
च
।
शृङ्गवेरपुरे
सूतं
गङ्गाकूले
व्यसर्जयत्
॥
Anvaya:
पौरै: by citizens, पित्रा दशरथेन च by his father Dasaratha also, दूरम् for a long distance, अनुगत: followed, धर्मात्मा राम: Rama of righteous nature (the protector of those who take refuge in him), गङ्गाकूले on the bank of river Ganga, शृङ्गिबेरपुरे at Shrungiberapura, निषादाधिपतिम् the king of Nishadas, प्रियम् endeared to him, गुहम् Guha, आसाद्य having approached, गुहेन along with Guha, लक्ष्मणेन by Lakshmana, सीतया च and by Sita, सहित: accompanied सूतम् charioteer Sumantra, व्यसर्जयत् sent back.
पौरै: by citizens, पित्रा दशरथेन च by his father Dasaratha also, दूरम् for a long distance, अनुगत: followed, धर्मात्मा राम: Rama of righteous nature (the protector of those who take refuge in him), गङ्गाकूले on the bank of river Ganga, शृङ्गिबेरपुरे at Shrungiberapura, निषादाधिपतिम् the king of Nishadas, प्रियम् endeared to him, गुहम् Guha, आसाद्य having approached, गुहेन along with Guha, लक्ष्मणेन by Lakshmana, सीतया च and by Sita, सहित: accompanied सूतम् charioteer Sumantra, व्यसर्जयत् sent back.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
The citizens and Dasaratha followed Rama for a long distance. Rama of righteous nature having approached Guha, king of nishadas, at Shrungiberapura sent back charioteer Sumantra and Rama along with Sita and Lakshmana crossed river Ganga.
Sanskrit Text
ते
वनेन
वनं
गत्वा
नदीस्तीर्त्वा
बहूदकाः
।
चित्रकूटमनुप्राप्य
भरद्वाजस्य
शासनात्
॥
Anvaya:
ते they, वनेन from one forest, वनम् to another forest, गत्वा having gone, बहूदका: नदी: deep and broad rivers with plenty of waters, तीर्त्वा having crossed, भरद्वाजस्य sage Bharadwaja's, शासनात् order, चित्रकूटम् Chitrakuta mountain, अनुप्राप्य having reached, रम्यम् delightful, आवसथम् abode (a hut made of leaves), कृत्वा having constructed, ते they (having enjoyed such comforts), त्रय: three, तत्र वने in the forest located in Chitrakuta mountain, रममाणा: enjoying, देवगन्धर्वसङ्काशा: resembling devas and gandharvas, सुखम् happily, न्यवसन् dwelt.
ते they, वनेन from one forest, वनम् to another forest, गत्वा having gone, बहूदका: नदी: deep and broad rivers with plenty of waters, तीर्त्वा having crossed, भरद्वाजस्य sage Bharadwaja's, शासनात् order, चित्रकूटम् Chitrakuta mountain, अनुप्राप्य having reached, रम्यम् delightful, आवसथम् abode (a hut made of leaves), कृत्वा having constructed, ते they (having enjoyed such comforts), त्रय: three, तत्र वने in the forest located in Chitrakuta mountain, रममाणा: enjoying, देवगन्धर्वसङ्काशा: resembling devas and gandharvas, सुखम् happily, न्यवसन् dwelt.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then wending from one forest to another, and having crossed many broad rivers, they, in accordance with Bharadvăja's directions, arrived at the Citrakūta; and constructing a romantic abode, the three began to live there.
Moving from one forest to another and crossing deep and wide rivers with plenty of waters, reached the Chitrakuta mountain by the command of sage Bharadwaja. They raised a hut made of leaves in the forest located in Chitrakuta mountain. and dwelt there happily resembling devas and gandharvas.
Sanskrit Text
रम्यमावसथं
कृत्वा
रममाणा
वने
त्रयः
।
देवगन्धर्वसंकाशास्तत्र
ते
न्यवसन्सुखम्
॥
Anvaya:
ते they, वनेन from one forest, वनम् to another forest, गत्वा having gone, बहूदका: नदी: deep and broad rivers with plenty of waters, तीर्त्वा having crossed, भरद्वाजस्य sage Bharadwaja's, शासनात् order, चित्रकूटम् Chitrakuta mountain, अनुप्राप्य having reached, रम्यम् delightful, आवसथम् abode (a hut made of leaves), कृत्वा having constructed, ते they (having enjoyed such comforts), त्रय: three, तत्र वने in the forest located in Chitrakuta mountain, रममाणा: enjoying, देवगन्धर्वसङ्काशा: resembling devas and gandharvas, सुखम् happily, न्यवसन् dwelt.
ते they, वनेन from one forest, वनम् to another forest, गत्वा having gone, बहूदका: नदी: deep and broad rivers with plenty of waters, तीर्त्वा having crossed, भरद्वाजस्य sage Bharadwaja's, शासनात् order, चित्रकूटम् Chitrakuta mountain, अनुप्राप्य having reached, रम्यम् delightful, आवसथम् abode (a hut made of leaves), कृत्वा having constructed, ते they (having enjoyed such comforts), त्रय: three, तत्र वने in the forest located in Chitrakuta mountain, रममाणा: enjoying, देवगन्धर्वसङ्काशा: resembling devas and gandharvas, सुखम् happily, न्यवसन् dwelt.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Moving from one forest to another and crossing deep and wide rivers with plenty of waters, reached the Chitrakuta mountain by the command of sage Bharadwaja. They raised a hut made of leaves in the forest located in Chitrakuta mountain. and dwelt there happily resembling devas and gandharvas.
Sanskrit Text
चित्रकूटं
गते
रामे
पुत्रशोकातुरस्तदा
।
राजा
दशरथः
स्वर्गं
जगाम
विलपन्सुतम्
॥
Anvaya:
तथा in that way, रामे when Rama, चित्रकूटम् गते had set out to Chitrakuta, पुत्रशोकातुर: stricken by the grief over the separation from his son, राजा दशरथ: king Dasaratha, सुतम् about his son, विलपन् wailing, स्वर्गम् heavens, जगाम went.
तथा in that way, रामे when Rama, चित्रकूटम् गते had set out to Chitrakuta, पुत्रशोकातुर: stricken by the grief over the separation from his son, राजा दशरथ: king Dasaratha, सुतम् about his son, विलपन् wailing, स्वर्गम् heavens, जगाम went.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
They spent their days in delight, in the company of gods and Gandharvas. And when Rāma had reached the Citrakuța, king Dasaratha, distressed on account of his son, went to heaven, bewailing the latter.
When Rama had set out to Chitrakuta, king Dasaratha, stricken by the grief over the separation from his son and mourning over him departed to heavens.
Sanskrit Text
मृते
तु
तस्मिन्भरतो
वसिष्ठप्रमुखैर्द्विजैः
।
नियुज्यमानो
राज्याय
नैच्छद्राज्यं
महाबलः
।
स
जगाम
वनं
वीरो
रामपादप्रसादकः
॥
Anvaya:
तस्मिन् when he (Dasaratha), मृते had died, वसिष्ठप्रमुखै: द्विजै: with Vasishta and other brahmins, राज्याय to rule the kingdom, नियुज्यमान: had been ordered, महाबल: mighty, भरत: तु Bharata, राज्यम् kingdom, नैच्छत् did not desire to rule .
तस्मिन् when he (Dasaratha), मृते had died, वसिष्ठप्रमुखै: द्विजै: with Vasishta and other brahmins, राज्याय to rule the kingdom, नियुज्यमान: had been ordered, महाबल: mighty, भरत: तु Bharata, राज्यम् kingdom, नैच्छत् did not desire to rule .
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
When king Dasaratha had passed away heaven, the mighty Bharata, although pressed by the Brāhmaṇas headed by Vasiştha, to rule the kingdom, did not wish for dominion. And that hero went the forest, with the view of propitiating Rāma.
After Dasaratha had passed away, mighty Bharata did not desire to rule the kingdom against the orders by Vasishta and other brahmins.
Sanskrit Text
पादुके
चास्य
राज्याय
न्यासं
दत्त्वा
पुनः
पुनः
।
निवर्तयामास
ततो
भरतं
भरताग्रजः
॥
Anvaya:
भरताग्रज: Bharata's elder brother, Rama, राज्याय to rule the kingdom, अस्य to him, पादुके his own sandals, न्यासम् in deposit, as symbol of authority, दत्वा having given, तत: thereafter, पुन:पुन: repeatedly, भरतम् Bharata, निवर्तयामास persuaded him to return to the capital.
भरताग्रज: Bharata's elder brother, Rama, राज्याय to rule the kingdom, अस्य to him, पादुके his own sandals, न्यासम् in deposit, as symbol of authority, दत्वा having given, तत: thereafter, पुन:पुन: repeatedly, भरतम् Bharata, निवर्तयामास persuaded him to return to the capital.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Having handed over his sandals to Bharata as symbol of authority for ruling the kingdom, Rama persuaded him again and again to return to the capital.
Sanskrit Text
स
काममनवाप्यैव
रामपादावुपस्पृशन्
।
नन्दिग्रामेऽकरोद्राज्यं
रामागमनकाङ्क्षया
॥
Anvaya:
स: Bharata, कामम् desire, अनवाप्यैव without fulfilling only, रामपादौ sandals of Rama, उपस्पृशन् touching with reverence, रामागमनकाङ्क्षया eagerly awaiting the return of Rama, नन्दिग्रामे in Nandigrama, राज्यम् अकरोत् ruled the kingdom.
स: Bharata, कामम् desire, अनवाप्यैव without fulfilling only, रामपादौ sandals of Rama, उपस्पृशन् touching with reverence, रामागमनकाङ्क्षया eagerly awaiting the return of Rama, नन्दिग्रामे in Nandigrama, राज्यम् अकरोत् ruled the kingdom.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And then Bharata, finding his desire not fulfilled, touched Rama's feet, and began to rule at Nandigrāma, expecting the return of Rāma.
Disaaponted in his mission to take Rama back, Bharata worshipped the sandals of Rama and ruled the kingdom from Nandigrama, awaiting his return.
Sanskrit Text
रामस्तु
पुनरालक्ष्य
नागरस्य
जनस्य
च
।
तत्रागमनमेकाग्रे
दण्डकान्प्रविवेश
ह
॥
Anvaya:
भरते when Bharata, गते तु had gone, श्रीमान् one possessing brightness, सत्यसन्ध: steadfast in his vows, जितेन्द्रिय: conquered the senses, राम: तु Rama, नागरस्य जनस्य च of citydwelling citizens', पुन: again, तत्र in that Chitrakuta mountain, आगमनम् arrival, आलक्ष्य perceiving, एकाग्र: with undivided concentration of mind and resoluteness (to fulfill the promise given to his father), दण्डकान् Dandaka forest, प्रविवेश ह entered.
भरते when Bharata, गते तु had gone, श्रीमान् one possessing brightness, सत्यसन्ध: steadfast in his vows, जितेन्द्रिय: conquered the senses, राम: तु Rama, नागरस्य जनस्य च of citydwelling citizens', पुन: again, तत्र in that Chitrakuta mountain, आगमनम् arrival, आलक्ष्य perceiving, एकाग्र: with undivided concentration of mind and resoluteness (to fulfill the promise given to his father), दण्डकान् Dandaka forest, प्रविवेश ह entered.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And when the auspicious Bharata, firm in his promise and of subdued sense, had gone away, Rāma again perceiving there the influx of citizens and others, eagerly entered Dandaka.
When Bharata departed, Sri Rama, a man of good fortune and steadfast in vows one who had conquered under control perceiving that the citizens from Ayodhya would arrive there, entered the Dandaka forest with single minded determination (so that there would not be breach of his promise).
Sanskrit Text
विराधं
राक्षसं
हत्वा
शरभङ्गं
ददर्श
ह
।
सुतीक्ष्णं
चाप्यगस्त्यं
च
अगस्त्य
भ्रातरं
तथा
॥
Anvaya:
राजीवलोचनः lotuseyed, रामः Rama, महारण्यम् dreary forest (Dandakaranya) प्रविश्य तु having entered, विराधम् Viradha, राक्षसम् Rakshasa, हत्वा after slaying, शरभङ्गम् sage Sarabhanga, सुतीक्ष्णं च also sage Sutikshna, अगस्त्यं च sage Agastya, तथा and, अगस्त्यभ्रातरं च brother of sage Agastya, ददर्श ह saw.
राजीवलोचनः lotuseyed, रामः Rama, महारण्यम् dreary forest (Dandakaranya) प्रविश्य तु having entered, विराधम् Viradha, राक्षसम् Rakshasa, हत्वा after slaying, शरभङ्गम् sage Sarabhanga, सुतीक्ष्णं च also sage Sutikshna, अगस्त्यं च sage Agastya, तथा and, अगस्त्यभ्रातरं च brother of sage Agastya, ददर्श ह saw.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Having entered that mighty vast, the lotuseyed Rāma slew the Räkşasa Virädha, and saw Sarabhanga, Sutiksna, Agastya and Agastya's brother.
Having entered the dense forest Dandaka, Rama slew the demon Viradha and saw the sages Sarabhanga, Sutikshna and Agastya with his brother.
Sanskrit Text
अगस्त्यवचनाच्चैव
जग्राहैन्द्रं
शरासनम्
।
खड्गं
च
परमप्रीतस्तूणी
चाक्षयसायकौ
॥
Anvaya:
अगस्त्यवचनात् च एव as directed by sage Agastya, ऐन्द्रम् given by Indra, शरासनम् bow, खड्गं च a sword, अक्षयसायकौ inexhaustible arrows, तूणी च and quivers, परमप्रीतः extremely delighted, जग्राह received.
अगस्त्यवचनात् च एव as directed by sage Agastya, ऐन्द्रम् given by Indra, शरासनम् bow, खड्गं च a sword, अक्षयसायकौ inexhaustible arrows, तूणी च and quivers, परमप्रीतः extremely delighted, जग्राह received.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
He then, advised by Agastya, gladly possessed himself of Indra's bow, the inexhaustible arrows, the scimitar, and the quiver.
As directed by sage Agastya, Rama received with extreme delight a bow, a sword and quivers with inexhaustible arrows, given by Indra to Agastya (to be passed on to Rama).
Sanskrit Text
वसतस्तस्य
रामस्य
वने
वनचरैः
सह
।
ऋषयोऽभ्यागमन्सर्वे
वधायासुररक्षसाम्
॥
Anvaya:
तस्य रामस्य when Rama, वने in that forest (in the hermitage of sage Sarabhanga), वसत: was dwelling, सर्वे ऋषय: all the ascetics, वनचरैः सह along with those inhabiting the forest, असुररक्षसाम् asuras and rakshasas (seizing upon the lives), वधाय for destruction, अभ्यागमन् approached.
तस्य रामस्य when Rama, वने in that forest (in the hermitage of sage Sarabhanga), वसत: was dwelling, सर्वे ऋषय: all the ascetics, वनचरैः सह along with those inhabiting the forest, असुररक्षसाम् asuras and rakshasas (seizing upon the lives), वधाय for destruction, अभ्यागमन् approached.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
While Rāma was dwelling there with the rangers of forests, the sages came to him in a body, for the destruction of the Asuras and Raksasas.
While Rama was dwelling in the forest (in the hermitage of sage Sarabhanga), all the ascetics along with others (sages) inhabiting the forest approached Rama requesting for the destruction of the asuras and rakshasas seizing upon their lives.
Sanskrit Text
तेन
तत्रैव
वसता
जनस्थाननिवासिनी
।
विरूपिता
शूर्पणखा
राक्षसी
कामरूपिणी
॥
Anvaya:
तत्रैव वसता while living in that place itself, तेन by Rama, जनस्थाननिवासिनी resident of Janasthana area (of Dandakaranya), कामरूपिणी capable of assuming any form at will, राक्षसी शूर्पणखा female demon Surpanakha, विरूपिता was deformed.
तत्रैव वसता while living in that place itself, तेन by Rama, जनस्थाननिवासिनी resident of Janasthana area (of Dandakaranya), कामरूपिणी capable of assuming any form at will, राक्षसी शूर्पणखा female demon Surpanakha, विरूपिता was deformed.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
It was while he was living there that, that dweller of Janasthāna, the Rākṣasī Śūrpanakhā, capable of assuming any form at will, was disfigured.
During his stay there a demon called Surpanakha living in Janasthana (resting place for the army of Ravana in Dandakaranya) and capable of assuming any form at will was rendered deformed by Lakshmana.
Sanskrit Text
ततः
शूर्पणखावाक्यादुद्युक्तान्सर्वराक्षसान्
।
खरं
त्रिशिरसं
चैव
दूषणं
चैव
राक्षसम्
॥
Anvaya:
ततः thereafter, शूर्पणखावाक्यात् (instigated) by the words of Surpanakha, उद्युक्तान् ready for a battle, सर्वराक्षसान् all the rakshasas, खरम् एव Khara only, त्रिशिरसं च Trisira also, दूषणम् Dushana, राक्षसं च एव rakshasa also, तेषाम् their, पदानुगान् च एव followers also, राम: Rama, वने in the forest, निजघान killed.
ततः thereafter, शूर्पणखावाक्यात् (instigated) by the words of Surpanakha, उद्युक्तान् ready for a battle, सर्वराक्षसान् all the rakshasas, खरम् एव Khara only, त्रिशिरसं च Trisira also, दूषणम् Dushana, राक्षसं च एव rakshasa also, तेषाम् their, पदानुगान् च एव followers also, राम: Rama, वने in the forest, निजघान killed.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Thereafter Rama killed in the fight all the rakshasas, Khara, Trisira, and Dushana with their followers in a battle who were instigated by Surpanakha's words.
Sanskrit Text
निजघान
रणे
रामस्तेषां
चैव
पदानुगान्
।
रक्षसां
निहतान्यासन्सहस्राणि
चतुर्दश
॥
Anvaya:
तस्मिन् वने in that forest, निवसता by Rama who was living, जनस्थाननिवासिनाम् of the inhabitants of Janasthana, रक्षसाम् of rakshasas, चतुर्दशसहस्राणि fourteen thousand of them, निहतानि आसन् were killed.
तस्मिन् वने in that forest, निवसता by Rama who was living, जनस्थाननिवासिनाम् of the inhabitants of Janasthana, रक्षसाम् of rakshasas, चतुर्दशसहस्राणि fourteen thousand of them, निहतानि आसन् were killed.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
During his stay in that forest Rama killed fourteen thousand rakshasas who were inhabitants of Janasthana.
Sanskrit Text
ततो
ज्ञातिवधं
श्रुत्वा
रावणः
क्रोधमूर्छितः
।
सहायं
वरयामास
मारीचं
नाम
राक्षसम्
॥
Anvaya:
तत: thereafter, रावणः Ravana, ज्ञातिवधम् slaughter of fellow rakshasas, श्रुत्वा having heard, क्रोधमूर्छितः became violent with anger, मारीचं नाम named Maricha, राक्षसम् rakshasa, सहायम् help, वरयामास sought for.
तत: thereafter, रावणः Ravana, ज्ञातिवधम् slaughter of fellow rakshasas, श्रुत्वा having heard, क्रोधमूर्छितः became violent with anger, मारीचं नाम named Maricha, राक्षसम् rakshasa, सहायम् help, वरयामास sought for.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Having learnt of the destruction of his relatives, Rāvaņa wrought into frenzy by anger, sought the help of a Rākşasa named Mārīca.
Having heard the slaughter of fellow rakshasa, Ravana became violent with anger and sought the help of a rakshasa named Maricha.
Sanskrit Text
वार्यमाणः
सुबहुशो
मारीचेन
स
रावणः
।
न
विरोधो
बलवता
क्षमो
रावण
तेन
ते
॥
Anvaya:
"रावण O Ravana, बलवता with that mighty and powerful (because of slaying of Khara etc. rakshasas), तेन with that Rama, विरोध: hostilities, ते to you, न क्षम: is not proper" in this way, मारीचेन by Maricha, सुबहुश: well in many ways, वार्यमाणः dissuaded, स: रावण: that Ravana.
"रावण O Ravana, बलवता with that mighty and powerful (because of slaying of Khara etc. rakshasas), तेन with that Rama, विरोध: hostilities, ते to you, न क्षम: is not proper" in this way, मारीचेन by Maricha, सुबहुश: well in many ways, वार्यमाणः dissuaded, स: रावण: that Ravana.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And although strongly dissuaded by Mārīca, saying. You ought not to enter into hostilities with that powerful one. Do you, therefore, O Ravana, excuse me! yet, disregarding those words of his, Ravana, urged on by Fate, went into that asylum in company with Mārīca.
Maricha repeatedly dissuaded him saying, 'O Ravana It is not proper for you to enter into hostility with the mighty and powerful Rama'.
Sanskrit Text
अनादृत्य
तु
तद्वाक्यं
रावणः
कालचोदितः
।
जगाम
सहमारीचस्तस्याश्रमपदं
तदा
॥
Anvaya:
रावणः Ravana, कालचोदितः incited by destiny, तद्वाक्यम् those words, अनादृत्य तु disregarding, सहमारीचः followed by Maricha, तस्य आश्रमपदम् towards his hermitage, तदा then, जगाम went.
रावणः Ravana, कालचोदितः incited by destiny, तद्वाक्यम् those words, अनादृत्य तु disregarding, सहमारीचः followed by Maricha, तस्य आश्रमपदम् towards his hermitage, तदा then, जगाम went.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And although strongly dissuaded by Mārīca, saying. You ought not to enter into hostilities with that powerful one. Do you, therefore, O Ravana, excuse me! yet, disregarding those words of his, Ravana, urged on by Fate, went into that asylum in company with Mārīca.
Disregarding his words Ravana incited by fate left for the hermitage of Rama along with Maricha.
Sanskrit Text
तेन
मायाविना
दूरमपवाह्य
नृपात्मजौ
।
जहार
भार्यां
रामस्य
गृध्रं
हत्वा
जटायुषम्
॥
Anvaya:
मायाविना by the deceitful, तेन by him (Maricha), नृपात्मजौ princes (Rama and Lakshmana), दूरम् far away, अपवाह्य drawing them away, जटायुषम् Jatayu, गृध्रम् vulture, हत्वा having killed, रामस्य Rama's, भार्याम् wife, Sita, जहार carried away.
मायाविना by the deceitful, तेन by him (Maricha), नृपात्मजौ princes (Rama and Lakshmana), दूरम् far away, अपवाह्य drawing them away, जटायुषम् Jatayu, गृध्रम् vulture, हत्वा having killed, रामस्य Rama's, भार्याम् wife, Sita, जहार carried away.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
That one (Mārīca) commanding illusions, having drawn far the king's sons (Rāma and Lakşmaņa), he (Rāvana) carried away Rāma's wife, slaying the vulture Jatayu.
He with the help of deceitful Maricha drew the princes (Rama and Lakshmana) far away from their hermitage abducted Sita the wife of Rama and slaughtered vulture Jatayu,
Sanskrit Text
गृध्रं
च
निहतं
दृष्ट्वा
हृतां
श्रुत्वा
च
मैथिलीम्
।
राघवः
शोकसंतप्तो
विललापाकुलेन्द्रियः
॥
Anvaya:
राघव: Rama, निहतम् struck down, गृध्रम् eagle Jatayu, दृष्ट्वा having seen, मैथिलीम् the princess of Mithila, Sita, हृताम् abducted, श्रुत्वा च having heard (from Jatayu), शोकसन्तप्त: distressed with grief, आकुलेन्द्रियः with obscured senses, विललाप bewailed.
राघव: Rama, निहतम् struck down, गृध्रम् eagle Jatayu, दृष्ट्वा having seen, मैथिलीम् the princess of Mithila, Sita, हृताम् abducted, श्रुत्वा च having heard (from Jatayu), शोकसन्तप्त: distressed with grief, आकुलेन्द्रियः with obscured senses, विललाप bewailed.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And beholding the vulture slain and learning of the kidnapping of Mithila's daughter, the descendant of Raghu, deprived of sense, bewailed in grief.
Having seen and heard from the eagle Jatayu struck down by Ravana that Sita had been abducted Rama bewailed, choked with tears his senses dulled by distress.
Sanskrit Text
ततस्तेनैव
शोकेन
गृध्रं
दग्ध्वा
जटायुषम्
।
मार्गमाणो
वने
सीतां
राक्षसं
संददर्श
ह
॥
Anvaya:
तेनैव शोकेन pervaded by that sorrow, तत: then, गृध्रं जटायुषम् vulture Jatayu, दग्ध्वा having consigned to flames, वने in the forest, सीताम् Sita, मार्गमाण: wandering in search of, रूपेण in form, विकृतम् deformed, घोरदर्शनम् dreadful appearance, कबन्धन्नाम named Kabandha, राक्षसम् rakshasa, सन्ददर्श ह beheld.
तेनैव शोकेन pervaded by that sorrow, तत: then, गृध्रं जटायुषम् vulture Jatayu, दग्ध्वा having consigned to flames, वने in the forest, सीताम् Sita, मार्गमाण: wandering in search of, रूपेण in form, विकृतम् deformed, घोरदर्शनम् dreadful appearance, कबन्धन्नाम named Kabandha, राक्षसम् rakshasa, सन्ददर्श ह beheld.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Having with unassuaged sorrow burnt the vulture Jațāyu, as he was searching for Sità in that forest, he fell in with a Rākṣasa, Kabandha by name, of a dreadful and deformed shape. Having slain him, the mighty-armed one burnt his body,-and thereupon he went to heaven.
Then he performed in the midst of tears the funeral rites of the vulture Jatayu. Wandering in search of Sita, he beheld a rakshasa named Kabandha who was dreadful, in deformed in appearance.
Sanskrit Text
कबन्धं
नाम
रूपेण
विकृतं
घोरदर्शनम्
।
तं
निहत्य
महाबाहुर्ददाह
स्वर्गतश्च
सः
॥
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Having with unassuaged sorrow burnt the vulture Jațāyu, as he was searching for Sità in that forest, he fell in with a Rākṣasa, Kabandha by name, of a dreadful and deformed shape. Having slain him, the mighty-armed one burnt his body,-and thereupon he went to heaven.
Sanskrit Text
स
चास्य
कथयामास
शबरीं
धर्मचारिणीम्
।
श्रमणीं
धर्मनिपुणामभिगच्छेति
राघव
।
सोऽभ्यगच्छन्महातेजाः
शबरीं
शत्रुसूदनः
॥
Anvaya:
महाबाहु: mightyarmed Rama, तम् that Kabandha, निहत्य having killed, ददाह consigned him to flames, स: he (his soul), स्वर्गतश्च ascended heaven, स च Kabandha (while leaving for heavens), राघव O Raghava, धर्मचारिणीम् performing religious duties, धर्मनिपुणाम् proficient in practising austerities duties, श्रमणीम् female ascetic, शबरीम् belonging to Sabara community, अभिगच्छ visit her, अस्य to Rama, इति कथयामास informed.
महाबाहु: mightyarmed Rama, तम् that Kabandha, निहत्य having killed, ददाह consigned him to flames, स: he (his soul), स्वर्गतश्च ascended heaven, स च Kabandha (while leaving for heavens), राघव O Raghava, धर्मचारिणीम् performing religious duties, धर्मनिपुणाम् proficient in practising austerities duties, श्रमणीम् female ascetic, शबरीम् belonging to Sabara community, अभिगच्छ visit her, अस्य to Rama, इति कथयामास informed.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And the Rākşasa addressed Rama saying, O descendant of Raghu, Do you repair to the ascetic, Śabarī, conversant with all systems of morality.
Mightyarmed Rama, having killed Kabandha, consigned his body to flames. While leaving for heavens he informed him saying, 'O Raghava, there is a female ascetic in Sabara community, performing religious duties and proficient in practising austerities. You may visit her'.
Sanskrit Text
शबर्या
पूजितः
सम्यग्रामो
दशरथात्मजः
।
पम्पातीरे
हनुमता
संगतो
वानरेण
ह
॥
Sanskrit Text
हनुमद्वचनाच्चैव
सुग्रीवेण
समागतः
।
सुग्रीवाय
च
तत्सर्वं
शंसद्रामो
महाबलः
॥
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Than he met with Hanuman on the banks of the Pampā. Then, agreeably to Hanumān's advice, the exceedingly powerful Rāma saw Sugrīva. And detailed to him all specially touching Sitā.
Sanskrit Text
ततो
वानरराजेन
वैरानुकथनं
प्रति
।
रामायावेदितं
सर्वं
प्रणयाद्दुःखितेन
च
।
वालिनश्च
बलं
तत्र
कथयामास
वानरः
॥
Anvaya:
तत: thereafter, दु:खितेन by him who was filled with sorrow, वानरराजेन by the king of monkeys, Sugriva, वैरानुकथनं प्रति his story about hostilities (with Vali), रामाय to Rama, सर्वम् entirely, प्रणयात् out of friendship, आवेदितम् was communicated.
तत: thereafter, दु:खितेन by him who was filled with sorrow, वानरराजेन by the king of monkeys, Sugriva, वैरानुकथनं प्रति his story about hostilities (with Vali), रामाय to Rama, सर्वम् entirely, प्रणयात् out of friendship, आवेदितम् was communicated.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then the king of monkeys, out of friendship, mournfully related to him all about his hostilities with Vali.
Thereafter Sugriva, king of monkeys filled with sorrow narrated to Rama out of friendship the entire account of his hostilities (with Vali).
Sanskrit Text
प्रतिज्ञातं
च
रामेण
तदा
वालिवधं
प्रति
।
सुग्रीवः
शङ्कितश्चासीन्नित्यं
वीर्येण
राघवे
॥
Anvaya:
तदा then, रामेण by Rama, वालिवधं प्रति about slaying of Vali, प्रतिज्ञातम् vowed, तत्र there, वानर: Sugriva, वालिन: Vali's, बलम् च prowess, कथयामास described.
तदा then, रामेण by Rama, वालिवधं प्रति about slaying of Vali, प्रतिज्ञातम् vowed, तत्र there, वानर: Sugriva, वालिन: Vali's, बलम् च prowess, कथयामास described.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then Ráma vowed that he would slay Vālī. Thereupon the monkey described to Raghava the prowess of Vālī, and he feared lest Räma should not prove a match for Válī.
Then Rama vowed to slay Vali. The monkey (Sugriva) described about Vali's prowess to Rama.
Sanskrit Text
राघवः
प्रत्ययार्थं
तु
दुन्दुभेः
कायमुत्तमम्
।
पादाङ्गुष्ठेन
चिक्षेप
संपूर्णं
दशयोजनम्
॥
Anvaya:
महाबल: one endowed with strength, महाबाहु: strongarmed (Rama), अस्थि skeleton, प्रेक्ष्य having looked, उत्स्मयित्वा smiling at a depth for a while, पादाङ्गुष्ठेन with the great toe of the foot, सम्पूर्णं completely, दशयोजनम् to a distance of ten yojanas (eighty miles), चिक्षेप kicked off.
महाबल: one endowed with strength, महाबाहु: strongarmed (Rama), अस्थि skeleton, प्रेक्ष्य having looked, उत्स्मयित्वा smiling at a depth for a while, पादाङ्गुष्ठेन with the great toe of the foot, सम्पूर्णं completely, दशयोजनम् to a distance of ten yojanas (eighty miles), चिक्षेप kicked off.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And with the view of convincing Raghava (as to Vali's might), Sugriva showed to him the huge corpse of Dundubhi, resembling a hill.
The strongarmed Rama, who was endowed with great strength looked at the skeleton and smiled within himself for a while. He kicked off the skeleton with the great toe of his foot completely to a full distance of ten yojanas (eighty miles).
Sanskrit Text
बिभेद
च
पुनः
सालान्सप्तैकेन
महेषुणा
।
गिरिं
रसातलं
चैव
जनयन्प्रत्ययं
तदा
॥
Anvaya:
तथा then, पुनश्च again, प्रत्ययम् confidence, जनयन् creating, एकेन with one, महेषुणा mighty shaft, सप्त सालान् seven palmyra trees, गिरिम् a mountain, रसातलं चैव Rasatala (one of the seven lower worlds under the earth), बिभेद penetrated.
तथा then, पुनश्च again, प्रत्ययम् confidence, जनयन् creating, एकेन with one, महेषुणा mighty shaft, सप्त सालान् seven palmyra trees, गिरिम् a mountain, रसातलं चैव Rasatala (one of the seven lower worlds under the earth), बिभेद penetrated.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
With a single mighty shaft he pierced seven palmyra palms, a hill, and the sixth nether worlds, carrying conviction to Sugriva.
Again inorder to create confidence (in Sugriva), he released a single mighty shaft which penetrated seven palmyra trees, a mountain and the Rasatala.
Sanskrit Text
ततः
प्रीतमनास्तेन
विश्वस्तः
स
महाकपिः
।
किष्किन्धां
रामसहितो
जगाम
च
गुहां
तदा
॥
Anvaya:
तत: thereafter, तेन by that act, प्रीतमना: well pleased, स महाकपि: that mighty monkey Sugriva, विश्वस्त: च was convinced, रामसहित: together with Rama, तदा then, गुहाम् a cave, किष्किन्धाम् city of Kishkindha, जगाम approached.
तत: thereafter, तेन by that act, प्रीतमना: well pleased, स महाकपि: that mighty monkey Sugriva, विश्वस्त: च was convinced, रामसहित: together with Rama, तदा then, गुहाम् a cave, किष्किन्धाम् city of Kishkindha, जगाम approached.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Thus convinced, the mighty monkey well pleased went with Rāma towards the cave called Kiskindha.
Pleased with Rama's action and convinced of his prowess he left thereafter with Rama he left for Kishkindha which was like a cave.
Sanskrit Text
ततोऽगर्जद्धरिवरः
सुग्रीवो
हेमपिङ्गलः
।
तेन
नादेन
महता
निर्जगाम
हरीश्वरः
॥
Anvaya:
तत: then, हरिवर: best of monkeys, हेमपिङ्गल: yellowish hued like gold, सुग्रीव: Sugriva, अगर्जत् roared, तेन महता with great, नादेन voice, हरीश्वर: lord of monkeys (Vali), निर्जगाम came out.
तत: then, हरिवर: best of monkeys, हेमपिङ्गल: yellowish hued like gold, सुग्रीव: Sugriva, अगर्जत् roared, तेन महता with great, नादेन voice, हरीश्वर: lord of monkeys (Vali), निर्जगाम came out.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And having arrived there, that best of monkeys, Sugrīva of a tawny and golden hue, set up loud roars. And at those mighty sounds, out came the lord of monkeys; and having obtained Tārā's consent came before Sugrīva for battle. Then Rāghava killed Vālī on the spot with a single shaft.
On entering the city of Kishkindha, Sugriva the best of monkeys of reddish yellow hue roared with a great voice. There upon Vali, the lord of monkeys came out (of the cave).
Sanskrit Text
ततः
सुग्रीववचनाद्धत्वा
वालिनमाहवे
।
सुग्रीवमेव
तद्राज्ये
राघवः
प्रत्यपादयत्
॥
Anvaya:
राघव: Rama, सुग्रीववचनात् in compliance with the words of Sugriva, वालिनम् Vali, आहवे in the battle, हत्वा having killed, तत: thereafter, तद्राज्ये in that kingdom of Vali, सुग्रीवमेव Sugriva itself, प्रत्यपादयत् proposed (installed).
राघव: Rama, सुग्रीववचनात् in compliance with the words of Sugriva, वालिनम् Vali, आहवे in the battle, हत्वा having killed, तत: thereafter, तद्राज्ये in that kingdom of Vali, सुग्रीवमेव Sugriva itself, प्रत्यपादयत् proposed (installed).
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And, in compliance with Sugrīva's request, having slain Vālī in battle, Raghava conferred the kingdom on Sugriva.
After he killed Vali in the combat in compliance with the words of Sugriva, Rama installed Sugriva as king.
Sanskrit Text
स
च
सर्वान्समानीय
वानरान्वानरर्षभः
।
दिशः
प्रस्थापयामास
दिदृक्षुर्जनकात्मजाम्
॥
Anvaya:
स: वानरर्षभ: च the best of monkeys, Sugriva, जनकात्मजाम् Janaka's daughter, Sita, दिदृक्षु: desirous of seeing, सर्वान् all, वानरान् monkey forces, समानीय after summoning, दिश: in various directions, प्रस्थापयामास despatched.
स: वानरर्षभ: च the best of monkeys, Sugriva, जनकात्मजाम् Janaka's daughter, Sita, दिदृक्षु: desirous of seeing, सर्वान् all, वानरान् monkey forces, समानीय after summoning, दिश: in various directions, प्रस्थापयामास despatched.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then that best of monkeys having summoned all the various monkeys, sent them in various directions in search of Janaka's daughter.
The best of monkeys (Sugriva) gathered his monkey forces and despatched them in various directions in search of Janaka's daughter (Sita).
Sanskrit Text
ततो
गृध्रस्य
वचनात्संपातेर्हनुमान्बली
।
शतयोजनविस्तीर्णं
पुप्लुवे
लवणार्णवम्
॥
Anvaya:
तत: thereafter, बली हनुमान् mighty Hanuman, सम्पाते: Sampathi's, गृध्रस्य vulture's, वचनात् in accordance with suggestion, शतयोजनविस्तीर्णम् extending over a hundred yojanas (about 800 miles), लवणार्णवम् saltsea, पुप्लुवे leapt over.
तत: thereafter, बली हनुमान् mighty Hanuman, सम्पाते: Sampathi's, गृध्रस्य vulture's, वचनात् in accordance with suggestion, शतयोजनविस्तीर्णम् extending over a hundred yojanas (about 800 miles), लवणार्णवम् saltsea, पुप्लुवे leapt over.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then at the suggestion of the vulture Sampāti, the mighty Hanuman crossed the salt sea extending for a hundred Yojanas (900 miles).
At the suggestion of the vulture, Sampathi mighty Hanuman leapt over the saltocean extending over a hundred yojanas.
Sanskrit Text
तत्र
लङ्कां
समासाद्य
पुरीं
रावणपालिताम्
।
ददर्श
सीतां
ध्यायन्तीमशोकवनिकां
गताम्
॥
Anvaya:
रावणपालिताम् ruled by Ravana, लङ्काम् पुरीम् city of Lanka, समासाद्य having reached, तत्र there, अशोकवनिकाम् गताम् who had gone to Ashoka garden, ध्यायन्तीम् contemplating (on Rama), सीताम् Sita, ददर्श found.
रावणपालिताम् ruled by Ravana, लङ्काम् पुरीम् city of Lanka, समासाद्य having reached, तत्र there, अशोकवनिकाम् गताम् who had gone to Ashoka garden, ध्यायन्तीम् contemplating (on Rama), सीताम् Sita, ददर्श found.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Thereby arriving at the city of Lankā, ruled by Rāvana, he found Sītā in the midst of an Asoka garden, absorbed in thought.
Hanuman arrived at the city of Lanka ruled by Ravana and found Sita in the Ashoka garden meditating on Rama.
Sanskrit Text
निवेदयित्वाभिज्ञानं
प्रवृत्तिं
च
निवेद्य
च
।
समाश्वास्य
च
वैदेहीं
मर्दयामास
तोरणम्
॥
Anvaya:
अभिज्ञानम् as token of recognition (Rama's ring), निवेदयित्वा having presented, प्रवृत्तिं च the entire account, निवेद्य च having related, वैदेहीम् daughter of the king of Videha with its capital at Mithila, Sita, समाश्वास्य having consoled, तोरणम् outer gate of the garden, मर्दयामास crushed.
अभिज्ञानम् as token of recognition (Rama's ring), निवेदयित्वा having presented, प्रवृत्तिं च the entire account, निवेद्य च having related, वैदेहीम् daughter of the king of Videha with its capital at Mithila, Sita, समाश्वास्य having consoled, तोरणम् outer gate of the garden, मर्दयामास crushed.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then having shown her the sign, he rtlated to her all about the friendship between Rāma and Sugrīva, and having convinced Videha's daughter, he smashed the gate of the place.
Hanuman delivered Rama's ring to Sita as a token of recognition, related the whole story and consoled her. He then crushed the arch (of the outer gate of the garden) before leaving.
Sanskrit Text
पञ्च
सेनाग्रगान्हत्वा
सप्त
मन्त्रिसुतानपि
।
शूरमक्षं
च
निष्पिष्य
ग्रहणं
समुपागमत्
॥
Anvaya:
पञ्च सेनाग्रगान् five commanders, सप्त मन्त्रिसुतानपि seven sons of counsellors, हत्वा having killed, शूरम् valiant, अक्षं च Akshaya Kumara, son of Ravana, निष्पिष्य having stamped, ग्रहणम् समुपागमत् got caught, to be taken as captive.
पञ्च सेनाग्रगान् five commanders, सप्त मन्त्रिसुतानपि seven sons of counsellors, हत्वा having killed, शूरम् valiant, अक्षं च Akshaya Kumara, son of Ravana, निष्पिष्य having stamped, ग्रहणम् समुपागमत् got caught, to be taken as captive.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then having slain five generals, and seven counsellors' sons, and crushed the heroic Aksa, he was bound fast (by the arms of Indrajit.)
After killing five commanders, seven sons of the counsellors, stamping out valiant Akshayakumara, the son of Ravana, Hanuman got himself captured (to be taken as captive).
Sanskrit Text
अस्त्रेणोन्मुहमात्मानं
ज्ञात्वा
पैतामहाद्वरात्
।
मर्षयन्राक्षसान्वीरो
यन्त्रिणस्तान्यदृच्छया
॥
Anvaya:
वीर: mighty warrior, महाकपि: great monkey, Hanuman, पैतामहात् by Brahma's, वरात् boon, आत्मानम् his own self, अस्त्रेण by the weapon (given by Brahma), उन्मुक्तम् released, ज्ञात्वा coming to know, यदृच्छया casually (in the expectation of his another objective of seeing Ravana), यन्त्रिण: restrained by ropes, तान् राक्षसान् those rakshasas, मर्षयन् while enduring, तत: after completion of that act, मैथिलीम् सीतां ऋते except Sita (Mythili), लङ्कां पुरीम् the city of Lanka, दग्ध्वा having burnt, रामाय for Rama, प्रियम् welcome tidings, आख्यातुम् to deliver, पुन: आयात् returned again.
वीर: mighty warrior, महाकपि: great monkey, Hanuman, पैतामहात् by Brahma's, वरात् boon, आत्मानम् his own self, अस्त्रेण by the weapon (given by Brahma), उन्मुक्तम् released, ज्ञात्वा coming to know, यदृच्छया casually (in the expectation of his another objective of seeing Ravana), यन्त्रिण: restrained by ropes, तान् राक्षसान् those rakshasas, मर्षयन् while enduring, तत: after completion of that act, मैथिलीम् सीतां ऋते except Sita (Mythili), लङ्कां पुरीम् the city of Lanka, दग्ध्वा having burnt, रामाय for Rama, प्रियम् welcome tidings, आख्यातुम् to deliver, पुन: आयात् returned again.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then knowing that in virtue of the grandsire's boon, he was free, he forgave those Raksasas that were leading him (to Ravana.)
The heroic Hanuman came to know that he could be released from the entanglements of the weapon granted to him through a boon by Brahma. He allowed himself to be restrained by the rakshasas with the ropes for the sake of achieving his other objective of seeing Ravana. Thereafter, he burnt the whole of Lanka except the place where Sita was and returned to deliver the good news to Rama.
Sanskrit Text
ततो
दग्ध्वा
पुरीं
लङ्कामृते
सीतां
च
मैथिलीम्
।
रामाय
प्रियमाख्यातुं
पुनरायान्महाकपिः
॥
Anvaya:
वीर: mighty warrior, महाकपि: great monkey, Hanuman, पैतामहात् by Brahma's, वरात् boon, आत्मानम् his own self, अस्त्रेण by the weapon (given by Brahma), उन्मुक्तम् released, ज्ञात्वा coming to know, यदृच्छया casually (in the expectation of his another objective of seeing Ravana), यन्त्रिण: restrained by ropes, तान् राक्षसान् those rakshasas, मर्षयन् while enduring, तत: after completion of that act, मैथिलीम् सीतां ऋते except Sita (Mythili), लङ्कां पुरीम् the city of Lanka, दग्ध्वा having burnt, रामाय for Rama, प्रियम् welcome tidings, आख्यातुम् to deliver, पुन: आयात् returned again.
वीर: mighty warrior, महाकपि: great monkey, Hanuman, पैतामहात् by Brahma's, वरात् boon, आत्मानम् his own self, अस्त्रेण by the weapon (given by Brahma), उन्मुक्तम् released, ज्ञात्वा coming to know, यदृच्छया casually (in the expectation of his another objective of seeing Ravana), यन्त्रिण: restrained by ropes, तान् राक्षसान् those rakshasas, मर्षयन् while enduring, तत: after completion of that act, मैथिलीम् सीतां ऋते except Sita (Mythili), लङ्कां पुरीम् the city of Lanka, दग्ध्वा having burnt, रामाय for Rama, प्रियम् welcome tidings, आख्यातुम् to deliver, पुन: आयात् returned again.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then having burnt down the city of Lankā, with the exception of the place occupied by Mithila's daughter, the mighty one returned, with the intention of delivering the glad tidings to Rama.
The heroic Hanuman came to know that he could be released from the entanglements of the weapon granted to him through a boon by Brahma. He allowed himself to be restrained by the rakshasas with the ropes for the sake of achieving his other objective of seeing Ravana. Thereafter, he burnt the whole of Lanka except the place where Sita was and returned to deliver the good news to Rama.
Sanskrit Text
सोऽभिगम्य
महात्मानं
कृत्वा
रामं
प्रदक्षिणम्
।
न्यवेदयदमेयात्मा
दृष्टा
सीतेति
तत्त्वतः
॥
Anvaya:
अमेयात्मा possessing boundless intellect, स: he (Hanuman), महात्मानम् highly courageous, रामम् Rama, अधिगम्य having reached, प्रदक्षिणम् circumambulation, कृत्वा having made, दृष्टा seen, सीता Sita, इति in this manner, तत्त्वत: truthfully, न्यवेदयत् informed.
अमेयात्मा possessing boundless intellect, स: he (Hanuman), महात्मानम् highly courageous, रामम् Rama, अधिगम्य having reached, प्रदक्षिणम् circumambulation, कृत्वा having made, दृष्टा seen, सीता Sita, इति in this manner, तत्त्वत: truthfully, न्यवेदयत् informed.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
That one of immeasurable soul having come before the high-souled Rāma, and circled him addressed him, saying,— I have truly seen Sītā.
Reaching Rama the great Hanuman gifted with boundless intellect circumambulated him and infact informed him that he had seen Sita.
Sanskrit Text
ततः
सुग्रीवसहितो
गत्वा
तीरं
महोदधेः
।
समुद्रं
क्षोभयामास
शरैरादित्यसंनिभैः
॥
Anvaya:
तत: thereafter, सुग्रीवसहित: together with Sugriva, महोदधे: तीरम् shore of mighty ocean, गत्वा having reached, आदित्यसन्निभै: resembling sharp and hot rays of sun, शरै: with shafts, समुद्रम् Samudra, lord of the waters, क्षोभयामास agitated.
तत: thereafter, सुग्रीवसहित: together with Sugriva, महोदधे: तीरम् shore of mighty ocean, गत्वा having reached, आदित्यसन्निभै: resembling sharp and hot rays of sun, शरै: with shafts, समुद्रम् Samudra, lord of the waters, क्षोभयामास agitated.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Thereafter accompanied by Sugrīva, Rāma repaired to the shore of the mighty ocean, and with shafts resembling the sun, vexed the deep.
Thereafter, Rama reached the shore of the ocean together with Sugriva and saw the ocean agitated with shafts burning like the Sun.
Sanskrit Text
दर्शयामास
चात्मानं
समुद्रः
सरितां
पतिः
।
समुद्रवचनाच्चैव
नलं
सेतुमकारयत्
॥
Anvaya:
सरितां पति: lord of rivers, समुद्र: Samudra, आत्मानम् in his own form, दर्शयामास appeared (to Rama), समुद्रवचनात् च एव on the advice of Samudra , नलम् through Nala, सेतुम् a bridge, अकारयत् got it built.
सरितां पति: lord of rivers, समुद्र: Samudra, आत्मानम् in his own form, दर्शयामास appeared (to Rama), समुद्रवचनात् च एव on the advice of Samudra , नलम् through Nala, सेतुम् a bridge, अकारयत् got it built.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then that lord of rivers, the Ocean, showed himself. And agreeably to the advice of the Ocean, Nala constructed a bridge (over the water.)
Samudra, lord of rivers, (afraid of Rama's anger) and having appeared in his own form, and on his advice got a bridge built with the help of Nala.
Sanskrit Text
तेन
गत्वा
पुरीं
लङ्कां
हत्वा
रावणमाहवे
।
अभ्यषिञ्चत्स
लङ्कायां
राक्षसेन्द्रं
विभीषणम्
॥
Anvaya:
राम: Rama, तेन through that bridge, लङ्कापुरीं city of Lanka, गत्वा having reached, आहवे in the battle, रावणम् Ravana, हत्वा after slaying, सीताम् Sita, प्राप्य having recovered, अनु thereafter, पराम् great, व्रीडाम् embarassment, उपागमत् experienced (pursuant to her stay in others' house for a long time).
राम: Rama, तेन through that bridge, लङ्कापुरीं city of Lanka, गत्वा having reached, आहवे in the battle, रावणम् Ravana, हत्वा after slaying, सीताम् Sita, प्राप्य having recovered, अनु thereafter, पराम् great, व्रीडाम् embarassment, उपागमत् experienced (pursuant to her stay in others' house for a long time).
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Rama entered the city of Lanka by means of that bridge, killed Ravana in the battle and recovered Sita. Thereafter he felt greatly embarassed (for accepting his wife who had stayed in an others.
Sanskrit Text
कर्मणा
तेन
महता
त्रैलोक्यं
सचराचरम्
।
सदेवर्षिगणं
तुष्टं
राघवस्य
महात्मनः
॥
Anvaya:
महात्मन: of highly courageous, राघवस्य Rama's, तेन महता कर्मणा by that great act, सचराचरम् all the animate and inanimate beings, सदेवर्षिगणम् including groups of gods and sages, त्रैलोक्यम् in three worlds, तुष्टम् wellpleased.
महात्मन: of highly courageous, राघवस्य Rama's, तेन महता कर्मणा by that great act, सचराचरम् all the animate and inanimate beings, सदेवर्षिगणम् including groups of gods and sages, त्रैलोक्यम् in three worlds, तुष्टम् wellpleased.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Thereupon assured by Agni as to the sinlessness of Sītā, Rāma became exceedingly pleased, and was honoured by all the deities. And at that great act of Rāma's the three worlds with all that was mobile and immobile in them, along with the sages and gods, were well pleased with the mighty-souled Rāghava.
All the animate and inanimate beings, gods and sages in the three worlds were very pleased at this noble deed of the great Rama.
Sanskrit Text
तथा
परमसंतुष्टैः
पूजितः
सर्वदैवतैः
।
कृतकृत्यस्तदा
रामो
विज्वरः
प्रमुमोद
ह
॥
Anvaya:
राम: Rama, विभीषणम् Vibhisana, राक्षसेन्द्रम् king of rakshasas, लङ्कायाम् in the city of Lanka, अभिषिच्य coronated, तदा then, कृतकृत्य: having accomplished his objective, विज्वर: free from distress, प्रमुमोद ह was exceedingly rejoiced.
राम: Rama, विभीषणम् Vibhisana, राक्षसेन्द्रम् king of rakshasas, लङ्कायाम् in the city of Lanka, अभिषिच्य coronated, तदा then, कृतकृत्य: having accomplished his objective, विज्वर: free from distress, प्रमुमोद ह was exceedingly rejoiced.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Then installing that foremost of Rākşasas, Vibhișana, on the throne of Lankā, Rāma was perfectly easy, and rejoiced exceedingly.
After coronating the rakshasa chief Vibhishana in the city of Lanka, Rama free from distress, exceedingly rejoiced after having accomplished his objective.
Sanskrit Text
देवताभ्यो
वरान्प्राप्य
समुत्थाप्य
च
वानरान्
।
पुष्पकं
तत्समारुह्य
नन्दिग्रामं
ययौ
तदा
॥
Anvaya:
राम: Rama, देवताभ्य: from devatas, वरम् boon, प्राप्य having obtained, वानरान् monkeys fallen in the battle, समुत्थाप्य च revived, सुहृद्वृत: accompanied by friends, पुष्पकेण by Pushpaka, the aerial car, अयोध्याम् Ayodhya, प्रस्थित: set out.
राम: Rama, देवताभ्य: from devatas, वरम् boon, प्राप्य having obtained, वानरान् monkeys fallen in the battle, समुत्थाप्य च revived, सुहृद्वृत: accompanied by friends, पुष्पकेण by Pushpaka, the aerial car, अयोध्याम् Ayodhya, प्रस्थित: set out.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Having obtained a boon from the devatas (who had come to see him) Rama, revived all monkeys (fallen in the battle) and set out for Ayodhya accompanied by friends in the pushpaka (aerial car).
Sanskrit Text
नन्दिग्रामे
जटां
हित्वा
भ्रातृभिः
सहितोऽनघः
।
रामः
सीतामनुप्राप्य
राज्यं
पुनरवाप्तवान्
॥
Anvaya:
अनघ: sinless, राम: Rama, नन्दिग्रामे in Nandigrama, भ्रातृभि: सहित: along with his brothers, जटाम् matted lock, हित्वा shedding, सीताम् Sita, अनुप्राप्य having regained, राज्यम् kingdom, पुन: again, अवाप्तवान् got (back).
अनघ: sinless, राम: Rama, नन्दिग्रामे in Nandigrama, भ्रातृभि: सहित: along with his brothers, जटाम् matted lock, हित्वा shedding, सीताम् Sita, अनुप्राप्य having regained, राज्यम् kingdom, पुन: again, अवाप्तवान् got (back).
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Having arrived at Nandigrāma, the sinless Rāma sheared himself of his matted locks along with his brothers, and having regained Sītā, got back his kingdom
At Nandigrama sinless Rama arrived, met his brothers. They shed their matted locks. With Sita restored he regained his kingdom.
Sanskrit Text
प्रहृष्टमुदितो
लोकस्तुष्टः
पुष्टः
सुधार्मिकः
।
निरायमो
अरोगश्च
दुर्भिक्षभयवर्जितः
॥
Anvaya:
लोक: entire world, प्रहृष्टमुदित: rejoiced with happiness, तुष्ट: contended (because of fulfillment of their desire), पुष्ट: grown in strength because of happiness, सुधार्मिक: with righteousness, निरामय: without sufferings or agonies, अरोग: without diseases, दुर्भिक्षभयवर्जित: च and without fear of famine.
लोक: entire world, प्रहृष्टमुदित: rejoiced with happiness, तुष्ट: contended (because of fulfillment of their desire), पुष्ट: grown in strength because of happiness, सुधार्मिक: with righteousness, निरामय: without sufferings or agonies, अरोग: without diseases, दुर्भिक्षभयवर्जित: च and without fear of famine.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
(During his reign) his subjects will enjoy happiness, and contentment, and become hale, and grow in righteousness, and be devoid of mental disquietude and disease, and free from the fear of famine.
The entire world rejoiced with happiness with their desire fulfilled they were content. All people were following the path of righteousness. There was no fear of sufferings or agonies, diseases or famine.
Sanskrit Text
न
पुत्रमरणं
केचिद्द्रक्ष्यन्ति
पुरुषाः
क्वचित्
।
नार्यश्चाविधवा
नित्यं
भविष्यन्ति
पतिव्रताः
॥
Anvaya:
पुरुषा: men, क्वचित् any where, किञ्चित् even little, पुत्रमरणम् death of ones's own son, न द्रक्ष्यन्ति will not see, नार्यश्च women, अविधवा: will not be widowed, नित्यम् always, पतिव्रता: भविष्यन्ति will be devoted to their husbands.
पुरुषा: men, क्वचित् any where, किञ्चित् even little, पुत्रमरणम् death of ones's own son, न द्रक्ष्यन्ति will not see, नार्यश्च women, अविधवा: will not be widowed, नित्यम् always, पतिव्रता: भविष्यन्ति will be devoted to their husbands.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Where a no person is to witness his son's death, and women will be ever chaste, and never bear widow-hood.
During the period of Rama's rule, no where would men witness the death of their sons or women widowed. They would ever remain chaste and devoted to their husbands.
Sanskrit Text
न
वातजं
भयं
किंचिन्नाप्सु
मज्जन्ति
जन्तवः
।
न
चाग्रिजं
भयं
किंचिद्यथा
कृतयुगे
तथा
॥
Anvaya:
तत्र in that kingdom of Rama, अग्निजं भयम् fear due to fire, किञ्चित् न not even little, जन्तव: creatures, अप्सु in water, न मज्जन्ति will not be drowned, वातजं भयम् danger due to wind, किञ्चित् न not even little, तथा and, ज्वरकृतम् अपि न also no fear from fever, न क्षुद्भयम् अपि no fear from hunger, तथा and, तस्करभयं न no fear from thieves.
तत्र in that kingdom of Rama, अग्निजं भयम् fear due to fire, किञ्चित् न not even little, जन्तव: creatures, अप्सु in water, न मज्जन्ति will not be drowned, वातजं भयम् danger due to wind, किञ्चित् न not even little, तथा and, ज्वरकृतम् अपि न also no fear from fever, न क्षुद्भयम् अपि no fear from hunger, तथा and, तस्करभयं न no fear from thieves.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
There (in the kingdom of Rama) was no fear of fire, water, wind, disease, hunger and also theft.
Sanskrit Text
अश्वमेधशतैरिष्ट्वा
तथा
बहुसुवर्णकैः
।
गवां
कोट्ययुतं
दत्त्वा
विद्वद्भ्यो
विधिपूर्वकम्
॥
Anvaya:
महायशा: highly renowned, अश्वमेधशतै: by hundreds of Aswamedha sacrifices, तथा and बहुसुवर्णकै: Bahusuvarnaka sacrifices (where gold is given as charity on large scale), इष्ट्वा satisfying the gods, गवाम् cows, कोट्ययुतम् hundreds of thousands, दत्वा having bestowed, असंख्येयम् countless, धनम् wealth, ब्राह्मणेभ्य: for brahmins, दत्वा having bestowed, ब्रह्मलोकं प्रयास्यति will proceed to Brahmaloka.
महायशा: highly renowned, अश्वमेधशतै: by hundreds of Aswamedha sacrifices, तथा and बहुसुवर्णकै: Bahusuvarnaka sacrifices (where gold is given as charity on large scale), इष्ट्वा satisfying the gods, गवाम् cows, कोट्ययुतम् hundreds of thousands, दत्वा having bestowed, असंख्येयम् countless, धनम् wealth, ब्राह्मणेभ्य: for brahmins, दत्वा having bestowed, ब्रह्मलोकं प्रयास्यति will proceed to Brahmaloka.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Highly renowned Rama, having satisfied the gods with the performance of a hundred of aswamedhas and many suvarnakas bestowing hundreds of thousands of cows and immense wealth on the brahmins, will return to Brahmaloka.
Sanskrit Text
राजवंशाञ्शतगुणान्स्थापयिष्यति
राघवः
।
चातुर्वर्ण्यं
च
लोकेऽस्मिन्स्वे
स्वे
धर्मे
नियोक्ष्यति
॥
Anvaya:
राघव: Rama, अस्मिन् लोके in this world, शतगुणान् hundred times, राजवंशान् royal dynasties, स्थापयिष्यति will establish, चातुर्वर्ण्यम् four castes, स्वे स्वे in their respective, धर्मे duties, नियोक्ष्यति will employ.
राघव: Rama, अस्मिन् लोके in this world, शतगुणान् hundred times, राजवंशान् royal dynasties, स्थापयिष्यति will establish, चातुर्वर्ण्यम् four castes, स्वे स्वे in their respective, धर्मे duties, नियोक्ष्यति will employ.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
Rama will establish hundredfold royal dynasties and employ the four castes to do their respective duties, in this world.
Sanskrit Text
दशवर्षसहस्राणि
दशवर्षशतानि
च
।
रामो
राज्यमुपासित्वा
ब्रह्मलोकं
गमिष्यति
॥
Anvaya:
राम: Rama, दशवर्षसहस्राणि for ten thousand years, दशवर्षशतानि च ten hundred years, राज्यम् kingdom, उपासित्वा reigning, ब्रह्मलोकम् Brahmaloka, प्रयास्यति will attain.
राम: Rama, दशवर्षसहस्राणि for ten thousand years, दशवर्षशतानि च ten hundred years, राज्यम् kingdom, उपासित्वा reigning, ब्रह्मलोकम् Brahmaloka, प्रयास्यति will attain.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And having reigned for ten thousand and as many hundred years. Rāma will depart for the regions of Brahmā.
Rama, reigning the kingdom for eleven thousand years, will attain Brahmaloka.
Sanskrit Text
इदं
पवित्रं
पापघ्नं
पुण्यं
वेदैश्च
संमितम्
।
यः
पठेद्रामचरितं
सर्वपापैः
प्रमुच्यते
॥
Anvaya:
इदं रामचरितम् this story of Rama, पवित्रम् sacred, पापघ्नम् destroyer of sins, पुण्यम् auspicious, वेदै: by vedas, सम्मितं च equal to, य: who, पठेत् reads, सर्वपापै: from all sins, प्रमुच्यते will be released.
इदं रामचरितम् this story of Rama, पवित्रम् sacred, पापघ्नम् destroyer of sins, पुण्यम् auspicious, वेदै: by vedas, सम्मितं च equal to, य: who, पठेत् reads, सर्वपापै: from all sins, प्रमुच्यते will be released.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
He that reads this sacred, sin-destroying, merit-bestowing history of Rāma like that of the Veda itself, becomes cleansed from all sin.
This story of Rama is sacred and holy. It destroys sins and is equal to the Vedas. Whosoever reads it will be freed from all sins.
Sanskrit Text
एतदाख्यानमायुष्यं
पठन्रामायणं
नरः
।
सपुत्रपौत्रः
सगणः
प्रेत्य
स्वर्गे
महीयते
॥
Anvaya:
एतद् रामायणम् this Ramayana, आख्यानम् true meaning, आयुष्यम् longevity, पठन् reading, नर: men, सपुत्रपौत्र: with sons and grandsons, सगण: with servants and relations, प्रेत्य after death, स्वर्गे in heavens, महीयते worshipped.
एतद् रामायणम् this Ramayana, आख्यानम् true meaning, आयुष्यम् longevity, पठन् reading, नर: men, सपुत्रपौत्र: with sons and grandsons, सगण: with servants and relations, प्रेत्य after death, स्वर्गे in heavens, महीयते worshipped.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
And the man that reads this Rāmāyaṇa conferring length of days, after death, is on honoured in heaven, along with his sons, and grandsons, and relations.
This story of Ramayana enhances longevity of those who read it and recite it. They will be worshipped in heavens after their death along with their sons and grandsons, servants and relations.
Sanskrit Text
पठन्द्विजो
वागृषभत्वमीया;त्स्यात्क्षत्रियो
भूमिपतित्वमीयात्
।
वणिग्जनः
पण्यफलत्वमीया;ज्जनश्च
शूद्रोऽपि
महत्त्वमीयात्
॥
Anvaya:
पठन् जन: People by reading this, द्विज: स्यात् if he is a brahmin, वागृषभत्वम् proficient in the eighteen branches of learning, ईयात् attains, क्षत्रिय: kshatriya, भूमिपतित्वम् lordship over landed possessions, ईयात् gets, वणिग्जनः vaisya, पण्यफलत्वम् fruits of his merit, ईयात् gets, जनश्च men, शूद्रोऽपि sudra also, महत्वम् greatness, ईयात् attains.
पठन् जन: People by reading this, द्विज: स्यात् if he is a brahmin, वागृषभत्वम् proficient in the eighteen branches of learning, ईयात् attains, क्षत्रिय: kshatriya, भूमिपतित्वम् lordship over landed possessions, ईयात् gets, वणिग्जनः vaisya, पण्यफलत्वम् fruits of his merit, ईयात् gets, जनश्च men, शूद्रोऽपि sudra also, महत्वम् greatness, ईयात् attains.
Translation (M. N. Dutt)
If a Brāhmaṇa reads it, he attains excellence in speech; if a Kșatriya, he will acquire lordship over landed possessions, if a Vaisya, abundance of wealth in trade; and if a Sudra, greatness.
A brahmin becomes proficient in the eighteen branches of learning a kshatriya gets lordship over landed possessions a vaisya gets the fruits of his business and sudra also attains greatness by reading Ramayana". इत्यार्षे श्रीमद्रामायणे वाल्मीकीय आदिकाव्ये बालकाण्डे (श्रीमद्रामायणकथासङ्क्षेपो नाम) प्रथम: सर्ग:॥ Thus ends the first sarga of Balakanda of the holy Ramayana in synopsis of the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.