Chapter 12.187

Verse 1 View Details

अध्यात्मं नाम यदिदं पुरुषस्येह चिन्त्यते । यदध्यात्मं यतश्चैतत्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥

Yudhishthira said Tell me, O grandfather, what and of what nature is that which passes by the name of Adhyatma (spiritual) and which is laid down for ever person.

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अध्यात्मं | नाम | यद् | इदं | पुरुष + इह | चिन्त्यते
अस्मिंल् | लोके | परे | च + एव | तद् + मद् | ब्रूहि | पितामह

Verse 2 View Details

अध्यात्ममिति मां पार्थ यदेतदनुपृच्छसि । तद्व्याख्यास्यामि ते तात श्रेयस्करतरं सुखम् ॥

Bhishma said This Adhyatma, O son of Pritha, that you ask me about, I will presently describe. It is, O son, highly agreeable and productive of great happiness.

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अध्यात्मम् | इति | मां | पार्थ | यद् | एतद् | अनुपृच्छसि
तद् | व्याख्यास्यामि | ते | तात | श्रेयस्करतरं | सुखम्

Verse 3 View Details

यज्ज्ञात्वा पुरुषो लोके प्रीतिं सौख्यं च विन्दति । फललाभश्च सद्यः स्यात्सर्वभूतहितं च तत् ॥

Great teachers have (before this) described the Creation and the Destruction of the universe). Knowing those truths, a person may acquire, even in this world, great satisfaction and happiness. Such knowledge also bring on the acquisition of great fruits, and it is highly beneficial to all creatures.

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Verse 4 View Details

पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्च पञ्चमम् । महाभूतानि भूतानां सर्वेषां प्रभवाप्ययौ ॥

Earth, Wind, Ether, Water, and Light forming the fifth, are the great elements. These are the origin and the destruction of all creatures.

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Verse 5 View Details

ततः सृष्टानि तत्रैव तानि यान्ति पुनः पुनः । महाभूतानि भूतेषु सागरस्योर्मयो यथा ॥

To Him from whom these great primal elements spring, they return again and again severing themselves from all creatures like the wave of the ocean.

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Verse 6 View Details

प्रसार्य च यथाङ्गानि कूर्मः संहरते पुनः । तद्वद्भूतानि भूतात्मा सृष्ट्वा संहरते पुनः ॥

As the tortoise extends its limbs and withdraws them again, so the Supreme Soul creates all objects and again withdraws them into Himself.

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Verse 7 View Details

महाभूतानि पञ्चैव सर्वभूतेषु भूतकृत् । अकरोत्तेषु वैषम्यं तत्तु जीवोऽनु पश्यति ॥

The Creator places the five primary clements in all created objects in different proportions. The living creature, however, does not mark it.

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Verse 8 View Details

शब्दः श्रोत्रं तथा खानि त्रयमाकाशयोनिजम् । वायोस्त्वक्स्पर्शचेष्टाश्च वागित्येतच्चतुष्टयम् ॥

Sound, the organ of hearing, and all holes,-these three, originate from Space Touch, action, and skin are the three-fold attributes of the Wind.

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Verse 9 View Details

रूपं चक्षुस्तथा पक्तिस्त्रिविधं तेज उच्यते । रसः क्लेदश्च जिह्वा च त्रयो जलगुणाः स्मृताः ॥

Form, cye, and digestion are the three-fold attributes of Fire or Energy. Taste all liquid secretions, and the tongue are the three attributes of Water.

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Verse 10 View Details

घ्रेयं घ्राणं शरीरं च ते तु भूमिगुणास्त्रयः । महाभूतानि पञ्चैव षष्ठं तु मन उच्यते ॥

Smell, the nose, and the body are the three properties, of Earth. The great elements are five. The mind is the sixth.

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घ्रेयं | घ्राणं | शरीरं | च | ते | तु | भूमि + गुण + त्रि
महाभूतानि | पञ्चन् + एव | षष्ठं | तु | मन | उच्यते

Verse 11 View Details

इन्द्रियाणि मनश्चैव विज्ञानान्यस्य भारत । सप्तमी बुद्धिरित्याहुः क्षेत्रज्ञः पुनरष्टमः ॥

The senses and the mind, O Bharata are the organs through which the cognition of a living creature is made. The seventh is the understanding; and the eight is the soul.

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Verse 12 View Details

चक्षुरालोकनायैव संशयं कुरुते मनः । बुद्धिरध्यवसायाय क्षेत्रज्ञः साक्षिवत्स्थितः ॥

The senses are for perceiving; the mind creates uncertainty. The understanding brings all knowledge to certainty. The Soul exists as a witness.

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Verse 13 View Details

ऊर्ध्वं पादतलाभ्यां यदर्वागूर्ध्वं च पश्यति । एतेन सर्वमेवेदं विद्ध्यभिव्याप्तमन्तरम् ॥

All that is above the two feet, all that is behind, and all that is above, are witnessed by the Soul. Know that the Soul permeates the entire being without left vacant.

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Verse 14 View Details

पुरुषे चेन्द्रियाणीह वेदितव्यानि कृत्स्नशः । तमो रजश्च सत्त्वं च विद्धि भावांस्तदाश्रयान् ॥

All men should know fully the senses, the mind and the understanding. The three universal tendencies qualities called Goodness, Darkness and Ignorance, exist, dependent on the senses, the mind, and the understanding.

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Verse 15 View Details

एतां बुद्ध्वा नरो बुद्ध्या भूतानामागतिं गतिम् । समवेक्ष्य शनैश्चैव लभते शममुत्तमम् ॥

Man, by understanding with the help of his intelligence, the manner in which creatures come and leave the world, is sure to attain by and by to steadfast peace.

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Verse 16 View Details

गुणान्नेनीयते बुद्धिर्बुद्धिरेवेन्द्रियाण्यपि । मनःषष्ठानि सर्वाणि बुद्ध्यभावे कुतो गुणाः ॥

or The three qualities lead the understanding to worldly attachments. In this matter, the Understanding is identical with the Senses and the Mind. The Understanding, therefore, is identical with the six (the five senses and the mind), and also with the objects cognised by it. When, however, the Understanding is destroyed, the three qualities cannot produce action.

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Verse 17 View Details

इति तन्मयमेवैतत्सर्वं स्थावरजङ्गमम् । प्रलीयते चोद्भवति तस्मान्निर्दिश्यते तथा ॥

This universe of mobile and iinmobile objects consists of that Intelligence. It is from that Intelligence that everything originales and it is into it that everything originates and it is into it that everything subsides. The scriptures point out, therefore, that everything is a manifestation of Intelligence.

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जज्ञे | तात | तथा | सर्वं | जगत् | स्थावर + जङ्गम
प्रलीयते | च + उद्भू | तस्मात् + निर्दिश् | तथा

Verse 18 View Details

येन पश्यति तच्चक्षुः शृणोति श्रोत्रमुच्यते । जिघ्रति घ्राणमित्याहू रसं जानाति जिह्वया ॥

That by which one sees, that is eye hears is the car. That by which one smells is called the organ of smell, and that by which one distinguishes the tastes is called the tongue.

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Verse 19 View Details

त्वचा स्पृशति च स्पर्शान्बुद्धिर्विक्रियतेऽसकृत् । येन संकल्पयत्यर्थं किंचिद्भवति तन्मनः ॥

One acquires perception of touch by the skin that covers the body. That which is called the Intelligence undergoes changes. When the Intelligence desires anything it is called Mind.

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Verse 20 View Details

अधिष्ठानानि बुद्धेर्हि पृथगर्थानि पञ्चधा । पञ्चेन्द्रियाणि यान्याहुस्तान्यदृश्योऽधितिष्ठति ॥

The foundations of the Intelligence are five in number, cach serving a different purpose. They are called the sense. The invisible principle. viz., Intelligence, Depends on them.

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Verse 21 View Details

पुरुषाधिष्ठिता बुद्धिस्त्रिषु भावेषु वर्तते । कदाचिल्लभते प्रीतिं कदाचिदनुशोचति ॥

The Intelligence that exists in a living creature embraces the three qualities. Sometimes it obtains happiness and sometimes misery.

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Verse 22 View Details

न सुखेन न दुःखेन कदाचिदपि वर्तते । एवं नराणां मनसि त्रिषु भावेष्ववस्थिता ॥

Sometimes it becomes shorn of both joy and misery. Thus Intelligence exists on the minds of all men.

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Verse 23 View Details

सेयं भावात्मिका भावांस्त्रीनेतान्नातिवर्तते । सरितां सागरो भर्ता महावेलामिवोर्मिमान् ॥

The Understanding, however, whose chief function is to create elements, transcends those three states as the ocean, the king of rivers, stands against the powerful currents of the rivers that fall into it.

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Verse 24 View Details

अतिभावगता बुद्धिर्भावे मनसि वर्तते । प्रवर्तमानं हि रजस्तद्भावमनुवर्तते ॥

That Intelligence which transcends the three qualities exists in the mind in a purc state, of (unmodified) existence alone. The quality of Darkness, however, that leads to action, soon pursues it.

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Verse 25 View Details

इन्द्रियाणि हि सर्वाणि प्रदर्शयति सा सदा । प्रीतिः सत्त्वं रजः शोकस्तमो मोहश्च ते त्रयः ॥

At that time the Intelligence sets and the senses to action. The properties of the three are these : happiness dwell in Goodness; sorrow in Darkness; delusion in Ignorance.

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Verse 26 View Details

ये ये च भावा लोकेऽस्मिन्सर्वेष्वेतेषु ते त्रिषु । इति बुद्धिगतिः सर्वा व्याख्याता तव भारत ॥

All the states of the mind are included in the three qualities. I have now, O Bharata, described to you the course of the understanding.

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Verse 27 View Details

इन्द्रियाणि च सर्वाणि विजेतव्यानि धीमता । सत्त्वं रजस्तमश्चैव प्राणिनां संश्रिताः सदा ॥

An intelligent man should control all his senses. The three qualities of Goodness, Darkness and Ignorance are always attached to living creatures.

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Verse 28 View Details

त्रिविधा वेदना चैव सर्वसत्त्वेषु दृश्यते । सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति भारत ॥

Three kinds of intelligence also are seen in every creature, viz., that which depends upon Goodness, that upon darkness, and that upon Ignorance, O Bharata.

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Verse 29 View Details

सुखस्पर्शः सत्त्वगुणो दुःखस्पर्शो रजोगुणः । तमोगुणेन संयुक्तौ भवतोऽव्यावहारिकौ ॥

The quality of goodness brings happiness; the quality of Darkness produces sorrow; and if these two combine with the quality of Ignorance then neither happiness nor sorrow is produced.

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Verse 30 View Details

तत्र यत्प्रीतिसंयुक्तं काये मनसि वा भवेत् । वर्तते सात्त्विको भाव इत्यवेक्षेत तत्तदा ॥

Every state of happiness that appears in the body or the mind is due to the quality of Goodness.

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तत्र | यत् | प्रीति + संयुज् | काये | मनसि | वा | भवेत्
वर्तते | सात्त्विको | भाव | इति + अवेक्ष् | तत् | तदा

Verse 31 View Details

अथ यद्दुःखसंयुक्तमतुष्टिकरमात्मनः । प्रवृत्तं रज इत्येव तन्नसंरभ्य चिन्तयेत् ॥

A disagreeable state of sorrow to oneself, is due to nothing but the quality of Darkness. One should never think of it in fear.

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Verse 32 View Details

अथ यन्मोहसंयुक्तमव्यक्तमिव यद्भवेत् । अप्रतर्क्यमविज्ञेयं तमस्तदुपधारयेत् ॥

That state, which is full of delusion and error, and for which one knows not what to do, which is unascertainable and unknown, should be regarded as belonging to the quality of Ignorance.

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Verse 33 View Details

प्रहर्षः प्रीतिरानन्दः सुखं संशान्तचित्तता । कथंचिदभिवर्तन्त इत्येते सात्त्विका गुणाः ॥

Joy, satisfaction, delight, happiness, tranquillity of heart, these are the properties of the state of Goodness. Man sometimes acquires a portion of them.

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Verse 34 View Details

अतुष्टिः परितापश्च शोको लोभस्तथाक्षमा । लिङ्गानि रजसस्तानि दृश्यन्ते हेत्वहेतुभिः ॥

Discontent, heart-burning, grief, cupidity, vindictiveness, are all marks of darkness. They are seen with or without sufficient causes for producing them.

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Verse 35 View Details

अभिमानस्तथा मोहः प्रमादः स्वप्नतन्द्रिता । कथंचिदभिवर्तन्ते विविधास्तामसा गुणाः ॥

Disgrace, delusion, error, slcep and stupefaction, that befall one through excess of ill-luck, are various properties of the state of Jgnorance.

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Verse 36 View Details

दूरगं बहुधागामि प्रार्थनासंशयात्मकम् । मनः सुनियतं यस्य स सुखी प्रेत्य चेह च ॥

That person whose mind is far-reaching, capable of going on all directions, not confident about acquiring the objects it desires, and well-controlled, is happy both here and hereafter.

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Verse 37 View Details

सत्त्वक्षेत्रज्ञयोरेतदन्तरं पश्य सूक्ष्मयोः । सृजते तु गुणानेक एको न सृजते गुणान् ॥

Mark the differences between those two subtile things, viz., Intelligence and the Soul. One of these viz., Intelligence (displays of qualities. The other viz., the Soul) does nothing of the kind.

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सत्त्व + क्षेत्रज्ञ | एतद् | अन्तरं | पश्य | सूक्ष्मयोः
सृजते | तु | गुणान् | एक | एको | न | सृजते | गुणान्

Verse 38 View Details

मशकोदुम्बरौ चापि संप्रयुक्तौ यथा सदा । अन्योन्यमन्यौ च यथा संप्रयोगस्तथा तयोः ॥

A gnat and a fig may be seen to be united with each other. Though united, each, however, is separate from the other.

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Verse 39 View Details

पृथग्भूतौ प्रकृत्या तौ संप्रयुक्तौ च सर्वदा । यथा मत्स्यो जलं चैव संप्रयुक्तौ तथैव तौ ॥

Likewise, Intelligence and Soul, though different from each other, by their by their respective natures, yet they may always be seen to exist in a state of union. A fish and water exist together. But cach, however, the case with Intelligence and Soul.

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पृथक् + भू | प्रकृत्या | तौ | सम्प्रयुक्तौ | च | सर्वदा
यथा | मत्स्यो | जलं | च + एव | सम्प्रयुक्तौ | तथा + एव | तौ

Verse 40 View Details

न गुणा विदुरात्मानं स गुणान्वेत्ति सर्वशः । परिद्रष्टा गुणानां च संस्रष्टा मन्यते सदा ॥

The qualities do not know the Soul, but the Soul knows them all. The Soul is the spectator of the qualities and consider them all as emanating from itself.

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Verse 41 View Details

इन्द्रियैस्तु प्रदीपार्थं कुरुते बुद्धिसप्तमैः । निर्विचेष्टैरजानद्भिः परमात्मा प्रदीपवत् ॥

Acting through the senses, the mind, and the understanding which is the seventh, all of which are inactive and have no self-consciousness, the Soul discovers the objects like a lamp showing all objects around it by shedding its rays through an opening in the covering.

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Verse 42 View Details

सृजते हि गुणान्सत्त्वं क्षेत्रज्ञः परिपश्यति । संप्रयोगस्तयोरेष सत्त्वक्षेत्रज्ञयोर्ध्रुवः ॥

The understanding or Intelligence creates all the qualities. The Soul only sees them. Such is certainly the connection between the Intelligence and the Soul.

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Verse 43 View Details

आश्रयो नास्ति सत्त्वस्य क्षेत्रज्ञस्य च कश्चन । सत्त्वं मनः संसृजति न गुणान्वै कदाचन ॥

There is no resort of cither Intelligence or Soul. The understanding creates the mind, but never the qualities.

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आश्रयो | न + अस् | सत्त्वस्य | क्षेत्रज्ञस्य | च | कश्चन
सत्त्वं | मनः | संसृजति | न | गुणान् | वै | कदाचन

Verse 44 View Details

रश्मींस्तेषां स मनसा यदा सम्यङ्नियच्छति । तदा प्रकाशतेऽस्यात्मा घटे दीपो ज्वलन्निव ॥

When the Soul, by means of the mind, sufficiently controls the rays that proved from the senses, it is then that it becomes visible (10 the Understanding) like a lamp burning within a cover.

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Verse 45 View Details

त्यक्त्वा यः प्राकृतं कर्म नित्यमात्मरतिर्मुनिः । सर्वभूतात्मभूतः स्यात्स गच्छेत्परमां गतिम् ॥

That person who renounces all ordinary acts, practises penances, devotes himself to Study the Soul, taking a delight in it, and regards himself as the Soul of all creatures, acquires a supreme end.

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Verse 46 View Details

यथा वारिचरः पक्षी लिप्यमानो न लिप्यते । एवमेव कृतप्रज्ञो भूतेषु परिवर्तते ॥

As an aquatic bird while moving over the waters, is never welted, so does a wise person move among creatures.

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Verse 47 View Details

एवंस्वभावमेवैतत्स्वबुद्ध्या विहरेन्नरः । अशोचन्नप्रहृष्यंश्च चरेद्विगतमत्सरः ॥

One should act in the world, by the help of his intelligence, in this way, without grief, without joy, without distinction of personality, for all, and shorn of malice and envy,

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Verse 48 View Details

स्वभावसिद्ध्या संसिद्धान्स नित्यं सृजते गुणान् । ऊर्णनाभिर्यथा स्रष्टा विज्ञेयास्तन्तुवद्गुणाः ॥

One living in this way creates the qualities (i.e. transcends them), like a spider creating threads. The qualities should indeed, be considered as the threads of the spider.

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Verse 49 View Details

प्रध्वस्ता न निवर्तन्ते निवृत्तिर्नोपलभ्यते । प्रत्यक्षेण परोक्षं तदनुमानेन सिध्यति ॥

Some say that the qualities of such men are not lost. Some say that they are all lost. Those who say that they are not lost rely upon the Shrutis, which do not contain any declaration to the contrary. They, however, who say, that the qualities are all lost rely on the Smritis. One should taking into consideration both these opinions, judge as to which of them is right.

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Verse 50 View Details

एवमेके व्यवस्यन्ति निवृत्तिरिति चापरे । उभयं संप्रधार्यैतदध्यवस्येद्यथामति ॥

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Verse 51 View Details

इतीमं हृदयग्रन्थिं बुद्धिभेदमयं दृढम् । विमुच्य सुखमासीत न शोचेच्छिन्नसंशयः ॥

One should thus solve the knotty question which is capable of shaking the understanding by doubt, and thereby acquire happiness. When that doubt will be removed, one will no longer : have to grieve.

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Verse 52 View Details

मलिनाः प्राप्नुयुः शुद्धिं यथा पूर्णां नदीं नराः । अवगाह्य सुविद्वंसो विद्धि ज्ञानमिदं तथा ॥

Men of impure hearts may by knowledge acquire success like persons plunging in a full river purifying themselves of all dirts.

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Verse 53 View Details

महानदीं हि पारज्ञस्तप्यते न तरन्यथा । एवं ये विदुरध्यात्मं कैवल्यं ज्ञानमुत्तमम् ॥

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Verse 54 View Details

एतां बुद्ध्वा नरः सर्वां भूतानामागतिं गतिम् । अवेक्ष्य च शनैर्बुद्ध्या लभते शं परं ततः ॥

Man, by understanding with the help of his intelligence, the manner in which creatures come and leave the world, is sure to attain by and by to steadfast peace.

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Verse 55 View Details

त्रिवर्गो यस्य विदितः प्राग्ज्योतिः स विमुच्यते । अन्विष्य मनसा युक्तस्तत्त्वदर्शी निरुत्सुकः ॥

The Soul cannot be seen unless the senses, which are set on various objects and are difficult of being controlled, be all duly restrained.

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Verse 56 View Details

न चात्मा शक्यते द्रष्टुमिन्द्रियेषु विभागशः । तत्र तत्र विसृष्टेषु दुर्जयेष्वकृतात्मभिः ॥

He who knows this, is really wise. What other mark is there of a wise man? Acquiring this knowledge, intelligent men considered themselves to be crowned with success.

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Verse 57 View Details

एतद्बुद्ध्वा भवेद्बुद्धः किमन्यद्बुद्धलक्षणम् । विज्ञाय तद्धि मन्यन्ते कृतकृत्या मनीषिणः ॥

That which strikes the Ignorant with fear can never create fear in persons of Knowledge. There is no higher and for anybody than Liberation. The sages say that on account of the excess or otherwise of good qualities, differences are seen regarding the degree of Liberation.

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Verse 58 View Details

न भवति विदुषां ततो भयं; यदविदुषां सुमहद्भयं भवेत् । न हि गतिरधिकास्ति कस्यचि;त्सति हि गुणे प्रवदन्त्यतुल्यताम् ॥

A person succeeds, by acting without expecting fruits, (by those acts) in destroying his pristine sinful acts. To a wise man, the acts of a former life and those of this life also, do not yield any disagreeable result. But how can acts, if he continues to be engaged in them, bring about what is agreeable (viz., Liberation.)

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न | भवति | विदुषां | ततो | भयं | यद् | अविदुषां | सु + महत् | भयं | भवेत्
न | हि | गतिर् | अधिक + अस् | कस्यचित् | सति | हि | गुणे | प्रवद् + अतुल्य + ता

Verse 59 View Details

यत्करोत्यनभिसंधिपूर्वकं; तच्च निर्णुदति यत्पुरा कृतम् । नाप्रियं तदुभयं कुतः प्रियं; तस्य तज्जनयतीह कुर्वतः ॥

People blame a person who is possessed of lust, envy, and other evil passions). Those vices draw the person down in his next life into various sorts of inferior births.

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Verse 60 View Details

लोक आतुरजनान्विराविण;स्तत्तदेव बहु पश्य शोचतः । तत्र पश्य कुशलानशोचतो; ये विदुस्तदुभयं पदं सदा ॥

Mark attentively the vicious in this world who grieve exceedingly for the loss of their possessions. See also those who are gifted with judgement and who never grieve when placed in similar circumstances! Those who are conversant with both, deserve to be called truly wise..

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लोक | आतुर + जन | विराविणस् | तत् | तद् | एव | बहु | पश्य | शोचतः
तत्र | पश्य | कुशलान् | अ + शुच् | ये | विद् + तद् | उभयं | पदं | सदा

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Chapter 12.187

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